International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)
type: channel
description: The International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), with p-ISSN 2252-8806 and e-ISSN 2620-4126, is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes papers on all aspects of public health science. This journal is published by Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama (IPMU). The IJPHS provides an ideal forum for authors and readers from all over the world to discuss more sophisticated public health research and practice. The focus is on originality and excellence. The journal welcomes high-impact articles on emerging public health science, including epidemiology, biostatistics, nutrition, family health, infectious diseases, health services research, gerontology, child and adolescent health, behavioral medicine, rural health, chronic diseases, health promotion, evaluation, and intervention, public health policy and management, health economics, occupational health, and environmental health. This journal holds SINTA 1 accreditation from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia. It was awarded First Grade status ("Peringkat 1") under Decree No. 169/E/KPT/2024, dated 1 October 2024.
publisher: Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
language: en-US
publication name: International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)
issn: 2252-8806
items: Evaluating cholera vaccine effectiveness in Harare Western District amidst a new outbreak, 2023
items: Prevalence, patterns, and associated factors for substance use among university students in Maseru, Lesotho
items: Health literacy on HIV/AIDS and adherence to antiretroviral treatment: the moderating role of social support
items: Antimicrobial resistance profiles of methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus at a reference laboratory in Sierra Leone: implications for infection control
items: Reproductive tract infections among geriatric population in a block of West Bengal: knowledge and risk behaviour assessment
items: Cross-lagged panel insights into health, social, and economic in life satisfaction
items: Determinants of mental health and life satisfaction in Iranian older adults: a data-driven clustering study based on the biopsychosocial model
items: Interventions to improve resilience in breast cancer patients: a systematic review
items: Determinant factors of anemia prevention behavior among female adolescents in border area: a path analysis on the health belief model
items: Clinical dental students' perceptions of difficulties in fixed prosthodontics bridgework denture preparation: a pilot study
items: Self-management program impact on type 2 diabetes blood sugar control
items: Association between body shaming and body image in nursing students: implications for health education from Indonesia
items: Charaterization of Candida species isolated from pregnant women with vaginal discharge attending anternatal clinic in parts of Edo State, Nigeria
items: Optimization of maternal healthcare at the village level in reducing maternal mortality in Bali, Indonesia
items: Factors influencing the practice of breast self-examination among teenage girls in Salatiga City, Indonesia
items: Key influencers of puberty knowledge among Indonesian adolescents: the role of social networks
items: Analysis of risk factors associated with subjective fatigue symptoms among coal mining vehicle operators
items: Work practices linked to seropositive leptospirosis among cattle farmers in Northeastern Malaysia
items: Unseen tragedies: analysing accidental deaths in India
items: Influencing factors of patient safety in anesthesia services in a low- and middle-income country
items: Socio-demographics impact of healthy lifestyle in parents with preschoolers: a pilot study
items: Detection of heavy metals concentration in vegetables and analyze the health risks
items: Likely uptakers of the COVID-19 vaccinations in Cross River South Senatorial District, Nigeria
items: Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli carriage and associated risk factors among healthy individuals in Rural Southwestern Nigeria
items: Spatial analysis of tuberculosis based on geographic information systems in Sleman district, Special Region Yogyakarta
items: Social determinants in health and mental well-being among out-patients
items: Navigating ethics: social media challenges in Indonesian dental practice

Evaluating cholera vaccine effectiveness in Harare Western District amidst a new outbreak, 2023
type: item
description: Following targeted oral cholera vaccination (OCV) in 2018/2019, cholera cases declined. However, by July 17, 2023, Harare Western district reported 98 cases and 3 deaths. We investigated the outbreak to assess the long-term effectiveness of OCV in Harare Western district. We conducted a 1:2 unmatched case-control study among 46 cases and 92 controls. A case was any resident of Harare Western district with laboratory-confirmed cholera infection between April 22, - July 20, 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility data were analyzed and multivariable logistic regression identified independent factors. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-OR) x 100). OCV effectiveness was 72o% (95% CI 39-87; p<0.001). The majority of participants were females (52.2%) cases and 51.1% controls. Experiencing a sewage burst [aOR 9.75, 95% CI (2.60 to 36.62)] was an independent risk factor. Handwashing with soap [aOR 0.03,95% CI (0.01 to 0.17)], cholera vaccination [aOR 0.17, 95% CI (0.04 to 0.64)], and having a handwashing facility [aOR 0.04, 95% CI (0.01 to 0.18)] were independent protective factors. A total of 47.2% of boreholes (42/89) and 66.7% of wells (2/3) had excessive coliforms. Cholera strains were largely sensitive to ciprofloxacillin (90%). The outbreak was driven by water, sanitation and hygiene factors. This study provides evidence on long-term effectiveness of two-doses of OCV in an endemic urban setting. Vaccination status relied on participant recall and vaccination cards due to the absence of a central register, and while the study was sufficiently powered to assess the effectiveness of the two-dose regimen, the number of cases limited evaluation of single-dose effectiveness. Implementation of targeted OCV campaigns is recommended.
creator: Mary Munashe Mwashita
creator: Innocent Hove
creator: Tsitsi Juru
creator: Farai Josphas Chitiyo
creator: Addmore Chadambuka
creator: Gerald Shambira
creator: Notion Gombe
creator: Gibson Mandozana
creator: Mufuta Tshimanga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mary Munashe Mwashita, Innocent Hove, Tsitsi Juru, Farai Josphas Chitiyo, Addmore Chadambuka, Gerald Shambira, Notion Gombe, Gibson Mandozana, Mufuta Tshimanga http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1635
ending page: 1646
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26786

Prevalence, patterns, and associated factors for substance use among university students in Maseru, Lesotho
type: item
description: Psychoactive substance use among students has implications for early substance dependence. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, patterns, and reasons for substance use among university students in Maseru, Lesotho. There were 302 students who participated in this descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Descriptive statistics summarized the findings obtained from a self-administered online questionnaire. The prevalence rate for alcohol (44.4%), dagga (6%), and cigarette smoking (6%) was statistically significantly higher among males than females (p<0.05). Alcohol was consumed to feel good by 26.1% of the participants, 38.9% smoked cigarettes to handle stress, and 22.2% used dagga because it is easily available (22.2%). This study identified a unique pattern of substance use among university students, which is limited to alcohol, cigarettes, and dagga, with the exclusion of hard drugs. Effective and comprehensive health promotion programs should be implemented in Lesotho to prevent the introduction of hard-core psychoactive substances.
creator: Phoofolo Kamohelo
creator: Fernandes Lucy
creator: Mokwena Kebogile
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Phoofolo Kamohelo, Fernandes Lucy, Mokwena Kebogile http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1647
ending page: 1657
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26783

Health literacy on HIV/AIDS and adherence to antiretroviral treatment: the moderating role of social support
type: item
description: The increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with developing countries experiencing the fastest growth in transmission rates, including Indonesia. This quantitative correlational study examined the influence of HIV/AIDS-related health literacy on adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), with peer social support considered as a moderating variable. Participants included 208 PLWHA residing in Majalengka Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Data were gathered using standardized instruments measuring HIV/AIDS health literacy, treatment adherence, and peer social support, and were analyzed through moderation analysis using Jamovi software. The results demonstrated that HIV/AIDS health literacy had a significant positive effect on ARV adherence, and that peer social support strengthened this relationship. Nonetheless, the study is limited by its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported measures, which may restrict causal inference and generalizability.
creator: Pujaannicha Pujaannicha
creator: Herlina Siwi Widiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pujaannicha, Herlina Siwi Widiana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1658
ending page: 1665
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26635

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus at a reference laboratory in Sierra Leone: implications for infection control
type: item
description: Methicillin-resistant CoNS (MR-CoNS) are increasingly recognized as significant nosocomial pathogens. Sierra Leone lacks data on the prevalence and antibiotic-resistance patterns of these bacteria, which hinders a cross-sectoral approach to tackling antimicrobial resistance as well as regional and global health surveillance. We report on clinical multidrug-resistant MR-CoNS from Freetown, Sierra Leone, West Africa, as emerging pathogens. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of MR-CoNS isolated from clinical samples in Freetown, Sierra Leone. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the reference laboratory from January 2025 to June 2025. Clinical samples submitted to the microbiology department were screened for Staphylococcus species, and isolates identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) using standard microbiological techniques. Methicillin resistance in all isolates was tested with a 30 μg cefoxitin disc and further confirmed through an automated Scenker XK Microbial ID and AST system by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with oxacillin. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using the Scenker XK Microbial ID/AST system following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, and data were analysed using SPSS ver 16. Findings from our study show a prevalence of 18.2% of MR-CoNS with Staphylococcus schleiferi, (26.9%) predominant. Linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin exhibited 100% activity against all the MR-CoNS isolated. However, there was co-and multidrug resistance exhibited to commonly known antibiotics gentamycin (75-100%), levofloxacin (80-100%), clarithromycin (87-100%), including resistance to newer antibiotics as daptomycin (33-50%).
creator: Abraham Bwalhuma Muhindo
creator: Adamu Almustapha Aliero
creator: Darlinda F. Jiba
creator: Festo Mwebaze Syalhasha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abraham Bwalhuma Muhindo, Adamu Almustapha Aliero, Darlinda F. Jiba, Festo Mwebaze Syalhasha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1666
ending page: 1674
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26835

Reproductive tract infections among geriatric population in a block of West Bengal: knowledge and risk behaviour assessment
type: item
description: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among the geriatric population remains neglected, causing increase in morbidity. This study aimed to elicit knowledge, identify risk behaviour for RTIs among the elderly residing in a block of West Bengal, to determine any associations between sociodemographic profile with knowledge and risk behaviour respectively, and to assess any correlation between knowledge and risk behaviour. A community-based study was conducted using multistage sampling, among 158 geriatric residents of a rural block in West Bengal, India for a period of 3 months in 2023. Face-to-face interviews were carried out using an interview schedule. Overall median scores were calculated separately for knowledge and risk behaviour domains. Score < median score was categorized as ‘inadequate knowledge’ and score ≥ median was classified as ‘high risk’ behaviour. Nearly 30% reportedly had ‘inadequate knowledge’ while 77% had ‘high risk’ behavior for RTIs. Higher odds of inadequate knowledge and high-risk behavior were observed among those who were employed and those who availed of any social security scheme(s). Moderately positive correlation was obtained between knowledge and risk behavior.
creator: Kuntala Ray
creator: Shalini Pattanayak
creator: Somnath Naskar
creator: Mausumi Basu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kuntala Ray, Shalini Pattanayak, Somnath Naskar, Mausumi Basu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1675
ending page: 1685
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.24994

Cross-lagged panel insights into health, social, and economic in life satisfaction
type: item
description: This study examines life satisfaction in older Thai adults as shaped by dynamic interactions among health, social, and economic factors. Most prior research-both globally and in Thailand-has relied on cross-sectional designs, limiting understanding of cross-lagged relationships. Closing this gap led to the following research objectives: i) assess the stability of health, social, and economic factors and life satisfaction, ii) examine reciprocal and temporal relationships among these domains, and iii) explore age-related variations. Data were drawn from Wave III and IV of the Health, Aging, and Retirement in Thailand (HART) survey (n = 561) and analyzed using cross-lagged structural equation modeling. The findings demonstrated stability in social activity, physical health, mental health, and life satisfaction in both waves. Cross-lagged effects revealed reciprocal and temporal relationships, where mental health influenced future physical health, and life satisfaction impacted subsequent mental well-being. Age-specific differences emerged, with stronger effects in middle-aged adults, where life satisfaction had a greater effect on future mental health, and mental health more strongly influenced physical health over time. Among those aged 60 and older, physical health exhibited the highest stability, while life satisfaction and mental health effects weakened, suggesting age-related shifts in well-being.
creator: Pachitjanut Siripanich
creator: Titirut Philmolsri
creator: Wasin Kaewchankha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pachitjanut Siripanich, Titirut Phimolsri, Wasin Kaewchankha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1686
ending page: 1699
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26696

Determinants of mental health and life satisfaction in Iranian older adults: a data-driven clustering study based on the biopsychosocial model
type: item
description: The rapid growth of the global aging population, including in Iran, has intensified the need to understand the physical, psychological, and social challenges faced by older adults. Identifying key determinants of mental well-being and life satisfaction is essential for guiding policies that support healthy aging. This study examined demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related predictors of general health, assessed with the GHQ-28, and life satisfaction measured by the LSI among Iranian adults aged 60 years and older. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3,000 older adults using validated instruments (GHQ-28, LSI, and a structured questionnaire). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, multiple linear regression, and survival analysis. Reliability was confirmed with McDonald’s Omega values exceeding 0.87. Chronic diseases, pension status, daily life problems, and housing conditions emerged as significant predictors of both general health and life satisfaction. Women reported poorer general health than men, while married participants showed higher life satisfaction than those single or widowed. Chronic diseases were prevalent (75.7%) and associated with lower LSI scores. Economic insecurity, particularly the lack of pensions among women, was linked to worse GHQ scores. Survival analysis indicated that individuals with chronic disease had an 85% higher risk of experiencing daily problems (HR = 1.85). Socioeconomic and health factors substantially influence well-being in later life. Improving pension coverage, healthcare access, and social support systems may enhance healthy aging among Iranian older adults.
creator: Abdolrahim Asadollahi
creator: Nobaya Ahmad
creator: Tahereh Sokout
creator: Abdulrazzak Abyad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abdolrahim Asadollahi, Nobaya Ahmad, Tahereh Sokout, Abdulrazzak Abyad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1700
ending page: 1709
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26830

Interventions to improve resilience in breast cancer patients: a systematic review
type: item
description: Breast cancer patients with low resilience may experience adverse psychological outcomes, including stress, anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in recovery. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions in improving resilience among breast cancer patients and to provide practical guidance for healthcare practitioners in implementing these interventions. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and PICOS framework, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2018-2024. Two independent reviewers screened eligible studies in two stages (title/abstract and full-text). The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions identified include music therapy, mindfulness, family and social support programs, cognitive behavioral therapy, digital-based interventions, and psychoeducation. Most interventions demonstrated a significant positive impact on patients’ psychological resilience, coping ability, and quality of life. Evidence suggests that resilience-focused interventions can be effectively integrated into supportive care for breast cancer patients. Healthcare practitioners should consider incorporating these strategies to address psychosocial needs. Further studies are recommended to evaluate long-term impacts and cost-effectiveness in diverse settings.
creator: Dwi Retnaningsih
creator: Nursalam Nursalam
creator: Hanik Endang Nihayati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi Retnaningsih, Nursalam, Hanik Endang Nihayati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1710
ending page: 1719
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26206

Determinant factors of anemia prevention behavior among female adolescents in border area: a path analysis on the health belief model
type: item
description: Combating anemia in female adolescents may prevent long term effects of low birth weight, malnutrition, and growth failure (stunting) in their progeny. This study aimed to path-analyze the determinants of anemia prevention behavior in female adolescents with health belief model approach. This was an observational analytical study, conducted at SMAN 3 Atambua, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from May 7, 2024 to August 2, 2024. A total of 103 participants were selected by total sampling. The data collected by a set of questionnaires. This study revealed a direct and positive correlation between perceived threat (b = 2.43; 95% CI = 0.67 to 4.18; p = 0.007), perceived benefits (b = 1.99; 95% CI = 0.20 to 3.78; p = 0.029), perceived barrier (b = 2.74; 95% CI = 0.34 to 5.14; p = 0.025), self-efficacy (b = 1.76; 95% CI = 0.06 to 3.46; p = 0.042), cues to action (b = 1.96; 95% CI = 0.27 to 3.65; p = 0.022) and anemia prevention behavior. Knowledge is indirectly correlated to anemia prevention behavior through self-efficacy (b =2.25; 95% CI = 0.95 to 3.54; p = 0.001); perceived susceptibility is indirectly correlated to anemia prevention behavior through perceived threat (b = 2.01; 95% CI = 0.78 to 3.24; p = 0.001); perceived severity is indirectly correlated to anemia prevention behavior through perceived threat (b = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.81; p = 0.045). The implications of this study suggest that multifaceted interventions should be put in place that combine education, empowerment, overcoming barriers, and increasing the perceived threat and severity of anemia, all of which can improve anemia prevention behavior among female adolescents.
creator: Maria Paula Marla Nahak
creator: Pius Almindu Leki Berek
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Paula Marla Nahak, Pius Almindu Leki Berek http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1720
ending page: 1729
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.25937

Clinical dental students' perceptions of difficulties in fixed prosthodontics bridgework denture preparation: a pilot study
type: item
description: Preparing abutment teeth for fixed bridgework presents varying challenges to dental students, impacting their training effectiveness and clinical outcomes. Understanding the most difficult stages can help improve educational strategies. This study aims to rank the difficulty of each stage in abutment tooth preparation using student evaluations, identifying the greatest challenges. A quantitative approach was used, analyzing perceptions of 155 clinical dental students from 2021-2023 cohorts at Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, through the non-parametric Friedman’s ANOVA Test. Student evaluations covered seven stages of abutment tooth preparation, identifying variability in perceived difficulty from most difficult to easiest. Results indicate the most difficult stage is proximal reduction (mean rank: 3.01), followed by cervical preparation (mean rank: 3.28), and lingual reduction (mean rank: 3.35). The stages with the lowest difficulty are finishing (mean rank: 5.35), followed by alignment of preparation between 2 abutment teeth (mean rank: 4.85), buccal reduction (mean rank: 4.13), and occlusal reduction (mean rank: 4.03). Proximal reduction is particularly difficult due to the need for high technical skills and precision, requiring accurate space estimation and careful reduction without damaging adjacent teeth. This difficulty is compounded by natural variations in tooth shapes and positions among patients. Findings highlight the importance of refining educational strategies to tackle these challenges, enhancing student learning and clinical skills. This research provides crucial data on which stages need greater emphasis in the curriculum, aiding the creation of more efficient and focused training methods.
creator: Aditya Pratama Sarwono
creator: Khairunnisa Febianti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aditya Pratama Sarwono, Khairunnisa Febianti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1730
ending page: 1737
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.24623

Self-management program impact on type 2 diabetes blood sugar control
type: item
description: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a major global public health concern. This quasi-experimental study assessed the effectiveness of a self-management program in aiding diabetic patients in controlling their blood sugar levels. The program implemented the self-management framework proposed by Kanfer and Gaelick-Buys, supplemented by social support from healthcare volunteers via home visits. Patients were selected through simple random sampling and subsequently divided into two groups, each comprising 30 patients. The experimental group received a self-management program, with progress monitored over a 12-week period. The control group was administered standard care. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were employed to assess the data. The results indicated that the self-management behavior and blood sugar levels of both the experimental and control groups were similar before the experiment commenced. Significant differences were observed in self-management behavior and blood sugar levels between the experimental groups before and after the intervention, as indicated by a significance level of 0.05. However, this program has some limitations, including the fact that the evaluation did not include HbA1c levels, and the data was based on participants' self-reports, which may be subject to bias. The finding suggests that this self-management program can be implemented by healthcare professionals in the community to effectively manage blood sugar levels among type 2 diabetes patients to reduce the incidence of complications, with rigorous and continuous monitoring of behaviors required.
creator: Chontira Kawthaisong
creator: Parichat Wongsricha
creator: Charinporn Machara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Chontira Kawthaisong, Parichat Wongsricha, Charinporn Machara http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1738
ending page: 1746
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26501

Association between body shaming and body image in nursing students: implications for health education from Indonesia
type: item
description: During emerging adulthood, the difference between the ideal body standard and one’s actual body often leads to body-shaming treatment. Persistent experiences of body shaming can significantly harm an individual’s body image. This study aims to identify the association between body-shaming acts and body image in university students. The study population consisted of students aged 18-25 who had experienced body shaming (n = 841). Using a non-probability total sampling method, 448 respondents were included. Data were collected using a body-shaming acts questionnaire and the MBSRQ-AS questionnaire, then analyzed with univariate and bivariate analysis employing the Chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between body-shaming acts and body image. Most students received body-shaming treatment at a low level (50.9%), while most body image categories were negative (50.9%). These findings highlight the importance of health workers’ involvement in preventing body-shaming acts and improving students’ body image.
creator: Citra Windani Mambang Sari
creator: Rizky Chintya Dewi
creator: Hendrawati Hendrawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Citra Windani Mambang Sari, Rizky Chintya Dewi, Hendrawati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1747
ending page: 1756
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.24985

Charaterization of Candida species isolated from pregnant women with vaginal discharge attending anternatal clinic in parts of Edo State, Nigeria
type: item
description: During pregnancy, women are more prone to vaginal infections due to immunological changes. These infections are mainly caused by different species of Candida, a reality that makes distinguishing Candida species vital since non-albicans strains often resist common antifungals, making accurate diagnosis key to better maternal outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed at isolating and characterizing Candida species from pregnant women with vaginal discharge. The sample size consisted of 220 subjects (151 pregnant and 69 non-pregnant women). Samples were collected following standards guidelines and analyzed for Candida by culturing on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and CHROMagerTM Candida (CAC). The overall prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) was 34.55%, and VVC infection was more common among women >30 years. VVC infection was more common in women in their second trimester (48.05%). There was a significant difference with gestational age (p≤0.05). Candida albicans was the most common cause of VVC in both pregnant (75.86%) and non-pregnant (77.78%) subjects. There was no significant variation (p>0.05) in the species of Candida isolated from pregnant and non-pregnant women. Overall, C. albicans was the most common species isolated from pregnant women. This was followed by Candida krusei (10.34%), Candida dublinensis, Candida. glabrata (5.17% each) and Candida parapsilosis (1.72%); while mixed infection, both C. dublinensis and C. parapsilosis were found in 1.72%. Among the non-pregnant women, C. albicans was the most common species isolated, followed by C. dublinensis and C. glabrata (11.11% each). C. krusei and C. parapsilosis were not isolated from non-pregnant women. Routine screening of vulvovaginal candidiasis and other vaginal infections should be conducted during antenatal visits to enable early detection and treatment.
creator: Marcellinus Okodua
creator: Dorcas Aderibigbe
creator: Daniel Oyewole Oni
creator: Valentine Imade Oni
creator: Faith Unuabonah
creator: Osamuyimen Iserhienrhien
creator: Aidevbo Otuyoma Eyaufe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marcellinus Okodua, Dorcas Aderibigbe, Daniel Oyewole Oni, Valentine Imade Oni, Faith Unuabonah, Osamuyimen Iserhienrhien, Aidevbo Otuyoma Eyaufe http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1757
ending page: 1764
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26670

Optimization of maternal healthcare at the village level in reducing maternal mortality in Bali, Indonesia
type: item
description: Although maternal mortality rates in Bali have declined, the achievement remains below the government’s target, highlighting the need to strengthen the role of villages as the frontline of development. This study aims to identify alternative strategies to accelerate maternal mortality reduction by examining the supply of maternal healthcare services and the demand reflected in women’s utilization of these services at the village level. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to map accessibility across villages and servqual model to evaluate women’s perceptions of maternal healthcare services provided through integrated services post (posyandu) and village health post (Poskesdes), the study reveals significant disparities in accessibility across villages, particularly in Tabanan, Bangli, and Karangasem Regencies. While overall perceptions of healthcare quality are positive, the largest and most significant service quality gaps occur in tangibility and responsiveness. Based on these findings, the study recommends prioritizing villages with limited access to maternal healthcare services by ensuring health coverage for pregnant women from low-income households and guaranteeing the availability of midwives in villages through incentive schemes, while adopting community-based approaches to effectively reach migrant populations and improve their utilization of maternal healthcare services.
creator: Panca Dwi Prabawa
creator: I Ketut Widnyana
creator: Ni Putu Pandawani
creator: Wayan Maba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Panca Dwi Prabawa, I Ketut Widnyana, Ni Putu Pandawani, Wayan Maba http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1765
ending page: 1778
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26820

Factors influencing the practice of breast self-examination among teenage girls in Salatiga City, Indonesia
type: item
description: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Indonesia. Early detection improves survival, yet many adolescent girls do not practice breast self-examination (BSE). Evidence on personal barriers among young women remains limited. To analyze knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and barriers to BSE practice among late adolescents in Salatiga, Central Java. A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2023 among 67 female students aged 18-21 years living in a university dormitory. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model and analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Most respondents (70.1%) had received BSE information, mainly from social media (35.8%) and school (32.8%). Barriers included perceiving BSE as unimportant (37.3%), lack of knowledge (35.8%), belief that it was unnecessary without illness (38.8%), and feeling too young (20.9%). Logistic regression identified four predictors of non-practice: lack of knowledge (OR = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.000-0.243, p = 0.010), belief BSE is only needed with symptoms (OR = 0.022, 95% CI: 0.002-0.312, p = 0.005), lack of privacy (OR = 0.026, 95% CI: 0.001-0.946, p = 0.046), and time constraints (OR = 0.064, 95% CI: 0.006-0.701, p = 0.024). Misconceptions, limited knowledge, and social constraints were the main barriers to BSE practice among adolescent girls. Addressing these requires school-based programs, integration of BSE into reproductive health curricula, and community campaigns, while nursing practice should focus on enhancing self-efficacy and normalizing BSE.
creator: Kristiani Desimina Tauho
creator: Dary Dary
creator: Abebe Alemu Anshebo
creator: Magried Paulina Ondowapo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kristiani Desimina Tauho, Dary, Abebe Alemu Anshebo, Magried Paulina Ondowapo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1779
ending page: 1787
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26834

Key influencers of puberty knowledge among Indonesian adolescents: the role of social networks
type: item
description: Accurate reproductive health knowledge is essential for adolescents, yet many in Indonesia poorly informed, contributing to risky behaviors. While prior studies have focused on the effectiveness of reproductive health promotion media, limited research has explored the role of social networks in shaping adolescent reproductive health knowledge. This study aimed to investigate the key influencers within adolescents' social networks by analyzing the association between discussion partners on sexuality and knowledge of puberty-related traits. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, with a sample of 23,361 unmarried adolescents. We assessed knowledge of puberty onset traits and discussion partners on sexuality issues as predictors. Multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, wealth index, and residence, was employed to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Approximately half of the adolescents demonstrated a good knowledge of puberty-related traits. Engaging in discussions about sexuality with friends, mothers, relatives, teachers, and health professionals was positively associated with higher knowledge levels. Adolescents who engaged with these sources were more likely to have a better understanding of puberty-related traits. Utilizing key influencers within these networks can be crucial in promoting accurate reproductive health knowledge and reducing risky behaviors in this population.
creator: Dedik Sulistiawan
creator: Riza Fatma Arifa
creator: Ratu Matahari
creator: Syariatul Dirgantara
creator: Pairote Chakranon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dedik Sulistiawan, Riza Fatma Arifa, Ratu Matahari, Syariatul Dirgantara, Pairote Chakranon http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1788
ending page: 1796
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26192

Analysis of risk factors associated with subjective fatigue symptoms among coal mining vehicle operators
type: item
description: Coal mining vehicle operators have negative consequences with health effects such as fatigue. The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors related to subjective fatigue among coal mining operators. Specifically, it seeks to examine the relationship between work shift, working period, sleep quantity, sleep quality, and personal characteristics, such as age, neck circumference, and body mass index. Data were collected from a coal mining site in South Kalimantan, Indonesia in 2022 with primary questionnaires. A total of 440 workers who worked in the mining and hauling area for at least one year were recruited in this study. This was a cross-sectional study. Quantitative data were obtained to describe the level of subjective fatigue and to analyze the risk factors associated with the work fatigue in coal mining vehicle operators. The fatigue was associated with obesity (OR:1.777, 95% CI:1.0067-2.960), overweight (OR:1.783, 95% CI:1.046-3.040), neck circumference (OR:1.513, 95% CI:1.0983-2.329), sleep quality (OR:4.597, 95% CI:2.762-7.650), and working period (OR:0.545, 95% CI:10.360-0.825) (p<0.05 for all). However, fatigue did not significantly affect from sleep quantity and work shift. Ensuring individual health is essential for preserving the opportunity to sleep and allowing the body to recover from fatigue.
creator: Robiana Modjo
creator: Desy Sulistiyorini
creator: Eko Rizkianto
creator: Indri Hapsari Susilowati
creator: Didik Triwibowo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Robiana Modjo, Desy Sulistiyorini, Eko Rizkianto, Indri Hapsari Susilowati, Didik Triwibowo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1797
ending page: 1805
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26601

Work practices linked to seropositive leptospirosis among cattle farmers in Northeastern Malaysia
type: item
description: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonotic disease with significant global health implications, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. In Malaysia, the warm, humid climate and frequent exposure to livestock and contaminated environments increase the risk of infection, especially among agricultural workers. Cattle farmers regularly handle animals and work in unsanitary conditions, which puts them at heightened risk. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis seropositivity and identify risk factors associated with contracting leptospirosis among cattle farmers in Northeastern Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 120 cattle farmers in Northeastern Malaysia. Data were collected through an interviewer-guided questionnaire, and serological testing was performed using the microscopic agglutination test with a seropositive cut-off titre of ≥1:100. The prevalence of leptospirosis seropositivity was found to be 72.5%. Significant risk factors included working with a wounded hand (Adj. OR: 7.26; 95% CI: 2.61-20.18; p<0.001), working with a wounded leg (Adj. OR: 8.52; 95% CI: 1.98-36.66; p=0.004), not wearing rubber gloves (Adj. OR: 3.96; 95% CI: 1.13-13.91; p=0.032), and not showering immediately after work (Adj. OR: 6.04; 95% CI:1.69-21.62; p=0.006). The high seroprevalence of leptospirosis among cattle farmers indicates a significant occupational risk. Future prevention programs should prioritize promoting safe work practices to mitigate this risk.
creator: Aziah Daud
creator: Ijlal Syamim Mohd Basri
creator: Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi
creator: Mohd Nazri Shafei
creator: Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad
creator: Nabilah Ismail
creator: Fairuz Amran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aziah Daud, Ijlal Syamim Mohd Basri, Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi, Mohd Nazri Shafei, Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad, Nabilah Ismail, Fairuz Amran http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1806
ending page: 1813
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.25797

Unseen tragedies: analysing accidental deaths in India
type: item
description: Traffic accidents represent a critical public health and socio-economic issue in India. This manuscript examines the critical issue of accidental deaths due to traffic incidents in India, highlighting the alarming trends and underlying factors contributing to rising fatalities. The analysis employs bivariate and multivariate statistical methods, including correlation, time series analysis, multivariate factor and cluster analyses, to explore the relationships between accident severity, fatalities, and injuries. Key findings include significant positive correlations between the year and death rates, as well as between accident severity and fatalities, indicating a persistent increase in road traffic deaths over time. Notably, the severity of accidents is directly linked to higher fatality rates. The analysis identifies two primary clusters: i) time (year) severity and death, and ii) accidents and injuries. The results underscore the need for effective interventions, including improved infrastructure for non-motorized transport, enhanced road safety measures, and stricter enforcement of traffic regulations. By promoting shifts from car travel to cycling and walking, the study advocates for sustainable transportation solutions to mitigate the growing toll of road traffic accidents in India.
creator: Saumyasree Pradhan
creator: Nitushree Kund
creator: Rabindra Nath Hota
creator: Shreerup Goswami
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Saumyasree Pradhan, Nitushree Kund, Rabindra Nath Hota, Shreerup Goswami http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1814
ending page: 1825
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26040

Influencing factors of patient safety in anesthesia services in a low- and middle-income country
type: item
description: Patient safety in anesthesia remains a concern in low- and middle-income countries due to workforce shortages, limited equipment, and inconsistent protocols. In Jakarta, where demand for anesthesia is rising, baseline data on these parameters are lacking. This study aimed to identify gaps in human resources, equipment availability, and safety protocol adherence. A cross-sectional survey of all actively practicing anesthesiologists in Jakarta was conducted in January 2024, yielding 115 responses. The questionnaire, developed and face-validated through a focus group with senior anesthesiologists, covered three domains: human resources, facilities and equipment, and protocols. Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Participation was voluntary, responses were anonymous, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Prolonged work hours were reported by a minority of respondents (6.1-7%), with 22.7% agreeing that anesthesiologists' workload is too high. Most rated human resource parameters positively (median 4/5), but access to basic monitoring devices for oxygenation, ventilation, circulation, and temperature was limited. Protocol adherence was generally high (median 4-5/5), though a small minority of institutions lacked incident reporting pathways, patient risk assessment, and post-surgical recovery rooms. Improving patient safety in Jakarta requires ensuring essential monitoring equipment, optimizing staffing to manage workload, and mandating full perioperative safety protocols across facilities.
creator: Aldy Heriwardito
creator: Andi Ade Wijaya Ramlan
creator: Raihanita Zahra
creator: Amelia Martira
creator: Bintang Pramodana
creator: Agung Bintartho
creator: Raden Besthadi Sukmono
creator: Joshua Eldad Frederich Lasanudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aldy Heriwardito, Andi Ade Wijaya Ramlan, Raihanita Zahra, Amelia Martira, Bintang Pramodana, Agung Bintartho, Raden Besthadi Sukmono, Joshua Eldad Frederich Lasanudin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1826
ending page: 1836
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26631

Socio-demographics impact of healthy lifestyle in parents with preschoolers: a pilot study
type: item
description: Parents’ ability to follow a healthier lifestyle is influenced by their socio-demographic characteristics. This study seeks to assess the lifestyles of preschoolers’ parents and discern potential correlations with their demographic attributes. Using a quantitative approach, a pilot study was conducted among 51 parents who actively participated in a survey. To study the extent of parents’ adoption of a healthy lifestyle, a 25-question Likert scale questionnaire was employed. Findings revealed a notable prevalence of healthy habit adoption, including a wholesome diet. Furthermore, the results noted a commendable level of parents’ knowledge of matters related to healthy lifestyles. Of particular interest was the significant impact of maternal fixed work schedules on the implementation of healthy eating habits, which surpassed the influence of other types of work schedules. Additionally, a direct correlation was observed between information derived from authoritative sources about healthy lifestyles and the educational attainment of parents. More specifically, parents with higher educational attainment tend to be more conscious of healthy living and to actively incorporate a healthy lifestyle into their daily routines. In light of these findings, there is a clear indication that further research into the dynamics of parents’ adoption of healthy lifestyles is required.
creator: Eirini Chitou
creator: Vasiliki Karavida
creator: Eleni Tympa
creator: Evridiki Zachopoulou
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eirini Chitou, Vasiliki Karavida, Eleni Tympa, Evridiki Zachopoulou http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1837
ending page: 1848
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26165

Detection of heavy metals concentration in vegetables and analyze the health risks
type: item
description: Heavy metals are elements found in Earth’s crust but introduced into soil and water bodies by human activities. They are not biodegradable, so they persist for a long time in the environment. Heavy metals are incorporated into to human body through the food chain, resulting in various health problems. Akaki Rivers, which are major water sources in Addis Ababa, are contaminated with various wastes, including heavy metals. This research aimed to detect heavy metal concentration in cabbage, potato, tomato, and beetroot irrigated with the Akaki Rivers and evaluate associated health risks. Following the vegetable sample collection, a laboratory-based study was used in sample processing, digestion, and heavy metal detection. Mean concentration (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd (26.11-26.34), Pb (17-33.84) in all samples, and Hg (0.124) in beetroot exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO/FAO. The HRI of Cd (28.3-140.96), Pd (10.9-27.35), both in adults and children, and Hg (1.727 for children) exceeded the safe limit (<1). The health of adults and children is at risk due to Cd, Pb, and Hg, with children facing approximately 2.5 times higher. Minimization of the release of wastewater into the Akaki Rivers, and dietary diversification should be encouraged, and the health of permanent consumers should be checked.
creator: Solomon Legesse Gurmu
creator: Fekede Weldekidan Mengistu
creator: Atsedu Yeshwalul Beyene
creator: Bizunesh Ketema
creator: Birhanu Million Tadesse
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Solomon Legesse Gurmu, Fekede Weldekidan Mengistu, Atsedu Yeshwalul Beyene, Bizunesh Ketema, Birhanu Million Tadesse http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1849
ending page: 1856
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26823

Likely uptakers of the COVID-19 vaccinations in Cross River South Senatorial District, Nigeria
type: item
description: The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in widespread concern and disruption globally. The development of vaccines was a significant focus in mitigating the impact of the deadly virus. However, vaccine uptake in many regions has been challenging, including the Cross River South Senatorial District. This study examines the socio-demographic variables influencing the adoption of the COVID-19 vaccine. Data was collected from 750 respondents through the questionnaire. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square statistics was used to evaluate the association between COVID-19 vaccination and covariates, including age, sex, location, occupation status, religion, educational status, and availability of COVID-19 vaccination sites. A logistic regression model was used to ascertain this connection. Based on the findings, COVID-19 uptake was 32.3%. Employment status was the only variable statistically significant with the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. When promoting the use of vaccines, consideration should be given to variables other than personal characteristics. With the low uptake of the COVID-19 vaccines, continued efforts are needed to improve the vaccination uptake rate by all segments of the study population.
creator: Veronica Akwenabuaye Undelikwo
creator: Glory Eteng Bassey
creator: Nkoyo Patrick Bassey
creator: Lilian Otu Ubi
creator: Mathew Mike Egong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Veronica Akwenabuaye Undelikwo, Glory Eteng Bassey, Nkoyo Patrick Bassey, Lilian Otu Ubi, Mathew Mike Egong http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1857
ending page: 1865
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26130

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli carriage and associated risk factors among healthy individuals in Rural Southwestern Nigeria
type: item
description: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), driven by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, poses a significant public health threat, silently spreading through asymptomatic carriers. Limited data from rural areas highlight the need for focused studies to guide resistance control efforts. This study aimed to isolate faecal Escherichia coli (E. coli) from apparently healthy individuals in a rural community in Southwestern Nigeria, determine their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and evaluate risk factors associated with MDR E. coli carriage. A total of 347 stool samples were collected from healthy, consenting individuals. E. coli was isolated and identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed via the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates were screened phenotypically for the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production and genotypically for ESBL genes (CTX-M, SHV, TEM). The data were analyzed using WINPEPI. E. coli was isolated from 269 participants (77.5%), yielding 555 isolates. High resistance rates were observed against sulphamethoxazole (94.0%), ampicillin (85.0%), and tetracycline (83.2%), while imipenem showed the lowest resistance (6.7%). Twenty-seven isolates (5%) were confirmed as ESBL producers. Among these, 17 (63%) carried at least one ESBL gene-TEM being the most common (44.4%). Additionally, 50.1% of the isolates were classified as MDR, with MDR E. coli carriage significantly associated with self-medication (p=0.05). The widespread presence of MDR E. coli among healthy rural dwellers, coupled with its association with self-medication, highlights serious public health concerns and raises the urgent need for more evidence-based strategies to combat AMR.
creator: Odetoyin Babatunde
creator: Akinde Oluwatoyin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Odetoyin Babatunde, Akinde Oluwatoyin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1866
ending page: 1875
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26808

Spatial analysis of tuberculosis based on geographic information systems in Sleman district, Special Region Yogyakarta
type: item
description: The number of tuberculosis cases continues to rise annually, with Sleman Regency recording 2,372 cases in 2024, making it one of the highest in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. This study aims to analyze spatial autocorrelation and spatial relationships of tuberculosis cases in Sleman Regency in 2024 using geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis. A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied to 1,406 tuberculosis cases across 86 villages. Bivariate local indicators of spatial association (LISA) analysis were performed using GeoDa software, while geographically weighted regression (GWR) in R Studio examined local environmental influences. Bivariate LISA results showed no significant spatial autocorrelation for population density, air temperature, air humidity, precipitation, and altitude (p-values: 0.173, 0.265, 0.138, 0.312, and 0.401, respectively). GWR revealed negative correlations between these variables and tuberculosis cases. Findings highlight spatial patterns and inform targeted interventions, recommending enhanced tuberculosis awareness and treatment access in low-density, high-incidence areas, along with public education on ventilation and preventive measures during colder seasons, and strengthened prevention in high-risk lowland villages.
creator: Makhrum Irmaningsih
creator: Angga Eko Pramono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Makhrum Irmaningsih, Angga Eko Pramono http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1876
ending page: 1885
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26826

Social determinants in health and mental well-being among out-patients
type: item
description: Social determinants are crucial in shaping mental well-being, yet their specific impact within diverse cultural contexts like the Philippines remains underexplored. This study investigated the influence of social determinants on mental well-being among out-patients with mental health conditions. A retrospective cross-sectional design was used, analyzing existing health records (n = 21,813) from 2019 to 2024 and survey questionnaires (n = 89) from three psychiatric institutions. Social determinants were classified as proximal or distal, and mental well-being was assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). Results showed that participants generally reported a high level of mental well-being. Regression analysis revealed that while proximal social factors collectively explained the largest variance in well-being (28.6%), they were not statistically significant predictors as a group. Conversely, specific distal factors-notably birth order (p<0.010), parental marital status (p<0.017), and a history of family sexual abuse (p<0.033)-were significant individual predictors. This research provides novel evidence on the application of the proximal-distal framework in a Filipino context, uniquely demonstrating that while broad social categories are influential, specific familial and life-course events are more direct predictors of mental well-being. The findings underscore the need for culturally-sensitive, targeted interventions that address both broad environmental factors and specific individual circumstances to promote health equity.
creator: Rainier C. Moreno-Lacalle
creator: Pilar Bianca Mae G. Ducusin
creator: Rayvine B. Suma-il
creator: Lana Stephanie A. Tiu
creator: Kyla Dee Manantan
creator: Karyle Myara E. Borromeo
creator: Amanda Nicole N. Cruz
creator: Romeo Benedict Landagora
creator: Chad Allen M. Nerona
creator: Christan James R. Edualino
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rainier C. Moreno-Lacalle, Pilar Bianca Mae G. Ducusin, Rayvine B. Suma-il, Lana Stephanie A. Tiu, Kyla Dee Manantan, Karyle Myara E. Borromeo, Amanda Nicole N. Cruz, Romeo Benedict Landagora, Chad Allen M. Nerona, Christan James R. Edualino http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1886
ending page: 1896
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26588

Navigating ethics: social media challenges in Indonesian dental practice
type: item
description: Social media has evolved into an important tool for dental practitioners to promote their services and attract patients, necessitating a careful balance between effective promotion and upholding ethical standards to maintain patient trust. This research delves into the challenges and implications associated with using social media in dentistry, emphasizing the ethical considerations, legal frameworks, and the potential impact on public understanding of oral and dental health. By providing a comprehensive discussion on the importance of ethical promotion in the dental profession, the study not only highlights the need for dental practitioners to prioritize ethical standards in their social media activities but also offers effective strategies for attracting patients. These strategies include delivering relevant and informative content, engaging with followers, demonstrating professionalism and expertise, obtaining informed consent, and respecting patient privacy. The research underscores that navigating these complexities is essential for dental practitioners to promote their services ethically, contributing to the success and growth of their practice while safeguarding the integrity of health information and fostering positive relationships with the public.
creator: Aditya Pratama Sarwono
creator: Marie Louisa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aditya Pratama Sarwono, Marie Louisa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
volume: 14
number: 4
starting page: 1897
ending page: 1908
doi: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.24582