International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)
The International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), with p-ISSN 2252-8806 and e-ISSN 2620-4126, is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes papers on all aspects of public health science. This journal is published by Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama (IPMU). The IJPHS provides an ideal forum for authors and readers from all over the world to discuss more sophisticated public health research and practice. The focus is on originality and excellence. The journal welcomes high-impact articles on emerging public health science, including epidemiology, biostatistics, nutrition, family health, infectious diseases, health services research, gerontology, child and adolescent health, behavioral medicine, rural health, chronic diseases, health promotion, evaluation, and intervention, public health policy and management, health economics, occupational health, and environmental health. This journal holds SINTA 1 accreditation from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia. It was awarded First Grade status ("Peringkat 1") under Decree No. 169/E/KPT/2024, dated 1 October 2024.
Relationship between shift work and the risk of colorectal cancer among Moroccan women
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem worldwide, and also in Morocco, with 7.9% of new cancer cases. Dietary factors have been linked to CRC risk; however, several modifiable risk factors have not been studied in Morocco. This study aimed to explore the association between shift work and the risk of colorectal cancer among Moroccan women. A case-control study was conducted at CHU Mohamed VI Marrakech, involving 165 cases and 165 controls. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. For general characteristics, we used the Chi-square test for categorical variables and student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U for continuous variables to select confounding factors, we ran logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Findings from our study show an increased risk of CRC for rotating shift workers ORb:1.74 (95% CI:1.05-2.91) (p-value = 0.01). When stratified by tumor location, night shift work was correlated with an increased risk of rectal cancer, while stratified by age, rotating shift work was also correlated with an increased risk of CRC among those aged 45 to 65 years ORb: 2.18 (95% CI:1.03-4.79) (p-value = 0.048). Findings from this study may be helpful for future research in Morocco and North African countries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hamza Elbaylek, Soumia Ammor http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Incidence rate and spatial clustering of measles cases in Malaysia, 2018–2022
The distribution of measles varies worldwide. Malaysia has seen fluctuating incidence rates of measles across its districts, highlighting the persistent challenge of measles control despite national vaccination efforts. This study aimed to map the incidence rates of measles and identify hotspots areas of measles in Malaysia between 2018 and 2022. The study utilized secondary data from the Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, and was analyzed through spatial autocorrelation techniques. Choropleth map applied to the incidence rate of measles and Global Moran’s I statistics quantified spatial autocorrelation, supplemented by local indicators of spatial association (LISA) for localized analysis. The measles incidence rate exceeded 500 per million population in Bintulu, Marudi, and Miri, Sarawak in 2018 and in Gua Musang, Kelantan in 2019. There is a downward trend in the incidence rate across the districts in Malaysia. The Global Moran’s I statistic revealed significant positive spatial autocorrelation of measles cases in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022. Districts, specifically in Klang Valley, have been identified as persistent hotspot areas. There is a need for continuous surveillance, adequate vaccination coverage, and supplementary public health measures, especially in identified hotspot areas, in order to achieve measles elimination goals in Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Rujhan Hadfi Mat Daud, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Wan Nor Arifin, Jamiatul Aida Md Sani, Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Depression and cognitive impairment in Malaysian elderly: insights from a nationwide study
Depression and cognitive impairment are two prevalent mental health conditions among older adults. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with cognitive impairment among older adults with depression in Malaysia. Data were drawn from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018, a nationwide, cross-sectional study using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The sample included respondents aged 50 years and above. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the identification and intervention for dementia in the elderly (IDEA) screening tool, while depression was identified using the validated Malay version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (M-GDS-14). Key variables examined included sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity levels, and social support. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Results indicated that cognitive impairment was significantly higher among physically inactive individuals (AOR = 2.70, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.65) and those with low to fair social support (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.86). These findings highlight the importance of incorporating physical and social activities into care plans for elderly patients with depression, particularly those with cognitive impairments.
Tengku Mohd Saifuddin Tengku Kamarulbahri
Copyright (c) 2025 Azlina Wati Nikmat, Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan, Nurul Azreen Hashim, Noor Azleen Ahmad Tarmizi, Nor Anita Affandi, Nor Farahdila Hairoman, Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail, Tengku Mohd Saifuddin Tengku Kamarulbahri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Global stability of SEIM tuberculosis model with two infection phases and medication effects
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a significant global health issue, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates despite being a preventable and curable disease. The dynamics of TB transmission and the effects of treatment are critical to improving disease management. This study aims to analyze the global stability of a susceptible, exposed, infected, medicated (SEIM) model for TB transmission, incorporating the effects of medication and infection phases on disease progression. A deterministic SEIM model is proposed, dividing the population into four compartments: susceptible, exposed, infected, and medicated. The model accounts for treatment effects, including non-permanent immunity and the potential dormancy of MTB. Stability analysis was conducted using Lyapunov functions to evaluate equilibrium points, and the basic reproduction number (ℜ0) was derived to determine disease dynamics. The analysis reveals that when ℜ0 < 1, the system is globally asymptotically stable at the non-endemic equilibrium, indicating disease eradication. Conversely, when ℜ0 >1, the system converges to the endemic equilibrium, signifying sustained transmission within the population. These findings highlight the critical role of treatment and infection dynamics in controlling TB spread. The SEIM model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding TB transmission dynamics and emphasizes the importance of reducing (ℜ0) through effective public health interventions. Further research is recommended to validate the model with empirical data and explore its applicability in different epidemiological settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jovian Dian Pratama, Anindita Henindya Permatasari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pediatric cataracts: Epidemiological, etiological, and clinical profiles in Morocco
Cataracts are a prevalent eye disease in children, particularly in the congenital form. Its occurrence is the primary cause of avoidable blindness and visual impairment. Our study aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of infantile cataracts in children from the Marrakech-Safi region. A retrospective study was carried out in the Mohammed VI University Hospital. Data collection, carried out between March 25, 2024, and April 26, 2024, was based on a review of the medical records of sick children aged between 0 and 15 years and having undergone surgery between 2019 and 2023. The findings revealed a high rate of cataract in boys (64.7%), with congenital cataract predominating (57.6%), followed by traumatic cataract (41.1%). In 2021, 81 cases of cataracts were reported, with 51.5% of cases being bilateral. Cataract development (42.4%) was attributed to postnatal and infantile factors, with the remaining 42.7% having an unknown etiological. The study revealed a significant association between cataract type and factors such as gender, age, residence area, age at onset of cataract, consanguinity, and family history. Efficient, high-quality care can prevent cataract complications. This can be achieved by implementing health strategies targeting all levels of prevention.
Copyright (c) 2025 Soukaina Loulidi, Youssef El Bahi, Samia Boussaa, Mohamed Loukid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Morocco: diagnosis, treatment, quality of life, and associated factors
Tuberculosis remains a major public health challenge worldwide, despite significant advances in treatment and prevention. In Morocco, 30,000 cases of tuberculosis are recorded each year. In the Marrakech-Safi region, the incidence reaches 50 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of current diagnostic and treatment, and to measure the impact of tuberculosis on patients' quality of life. A cross sectional study was carried out on a sample of 480 tuberculosis patients. The results showed that low education levels (53.86%) and high unemployment (40.8%) were prevalent. More than 51% of patients do not have health insurance. High housing density was correlated with increased prevalence, and diabetes was frequent (40.19%). 27.50% used medicinal plants, and 13.11% interrupted medication due to long treatment duration. Males were more symptom-free (p<0.000). Males had more severe symptoms than females such as sputum (163 vs. 58 cases), weight loss (224 vs. 131 cases), cough (184 vs. 86 cases), and hemoptysis (70 vs. 27 cases). Urban residents showed significant differences in tuberculosis types (p = 0.034). Occupation and prior treatment influenced tuberculosis distribution and extrapulmonary tuberculosis prevalence (p = 0.000). 21.46% were permanently affected in their social life. Higher education level and non-smoking was linked to better health (p = 0.016; p = 0.002). These results contribute to a better management of diagnostic, treatment, and prevention strategies adapted to tuberculosis patients by strengthen health education and promote rapid access to specialist care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Youssef El Bahi, Soukaina Loulidi, Mohamed Loukid, Samia Rkha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social media and social capital as risk of voluntary counseling and testing for human immunodeficiency virus
Teenagers are more susceptible to contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Of the 34 provinces in Indonesia, East Java continues to have the highest rate of new HIV diagnoses. One tactic for HIV prevention and control is voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). The purpose of this study is to examine the risk factors associated with the uptake of VCT for HIV among adolescents in the general population of East Java. A cross-sectional study design, a quantitative technique, and an observational methodology are all used in this research. 329 individuals in total, selected at random, took part in this study. The prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval was examined in order to determine the level of risk. Out of all the parameters that were found, social media access (PR = 10.133; 95%CI 1.293 - 79.422) and social capital (PR = 10.741; 95% 3.240 - 35.601) were found to have a substantial impact on VCT for HIV. Thus, it's critical to enhance social capital and implement educational initiatives on VCT for HIV using social media in order to improve teenagers' favorable perceptions of the treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eny Qurniyawati, Jayanti Dian Eka Sari, Farah Fadhillah, Yeshita Alifia Yuvianti, Prima Kartika, Nayla Mohamed Gomaa Nasr http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improved knowledge, attitude, and practice during COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese in Mainland China compared to Malaysian
COVID-19 is currently inconspicuous yet to be eradicated. Since knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) are important elements in containing the outbreak, it is worth ascertaining the KAP in preventing COVID-19. Present study compared the KAP of the respondents from the two countries China and Malaysia on COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test and one-way ANOVA on the data were performed. A total of 390 respondents from Malaysia and 395 respondents from China were participated in the study. Results showed gender, education level, and age were associated with overall better knowledge (p<0.05) in China. In Malaysia, positive attitudes towards COVID-19 were more prevalent among degree holders and within the age range of 18 to 30 years. However, differences by gender, education level, age and monthly income between Chinese and Malaysian respondents on attitude were found significant (p<0.05). During the pandemic, the preventive practices were associated with education and age (p<0.05) for both Chinese and Malaysian respondents. In conclusion, Chinese respondents demonstrated better knowledge and more positive attitudes compared to Malaysians, highlighting the need for comprehensive educational programs in Malaysia to enhance public KAP regarding COVID-19 prevention, particularly among less educated and older populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shucheng Li, Bin-Seng Low http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors impacting high-level mobility in traumatic brain injury: a scoping review
High-level mobility is crucial for improving quality of life and ensuring active participation in daily routines and community engagement. Therefore, this scoping review explored the available evidence on factors impacting high-level mobility among traumatic brain injury (TBI) individuals and the outcome measures used to evaluate high-level mobility. Following the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, five databases were searched: Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and PubMed, yielding 109 articles, with eight meeting eligibility criteria. The keywords used in the search strategies were: traumatic brain injury, TBI, brain trauma, traumatic encephalopathy, and high-level mobility. This review revealed that the High-Level Mobility Assessment Tool (HiMAT) was identified as the most commonly used outcome measure for assessing high-level mobility. The key factors that may influence the outcome of high level mobility in people with TBI are age, sex, mechanism of injury, duration of post-traumatic amnesia, and individual endurance. The associations between individuals’ factors and outcomes in TBI studies exhibit significant variation. This can be attributed to several factors, including the diverse characteristics of TBI samples, different neurological recovery rates, methodological differences, timing of assessments, interactions between factors, and potential moderators.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syazlin Azmi, Nor Azlin Mohd Nordin, Alia Alghwiri, Haidzir Manaf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Relationship between employment changes and psychosocial discomfort during the COVID-19 pandemic
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the containment and prevention measures established at the global and national level, daily life activities were affected, deepening inequities in Chile and impacting the population's mental health. The study's objective was to analyze the relationship between working conditions and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. For this, a cross-sectional study was implemented using an anonymous and self-administered online questionnaire, reaching a final sample size of 784 people ≥18 years. The questionnaire explored sociodemographics, work, income, and psychological distress information. We computed logistic regression models to assess risk factors associated with psychological discomfort. Data showed that higher percentage of women dedicate more hours per week to household chores, caring for other people, and accompanying schoolwork than men. More than half of the participants (55%) reported psychological discomfort, with household income reduction as the main risk factor. Our results reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile, with a severe decrease in household income, a risk factor for psychological discomfort. It is important to implement strategies to protect mental health during health emergencies, considering more vulnerable populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Teresa Solís-Soto, María Soledad Burrone, Armando Basagoitia, Luna Rojas, Paulina Valenzuela, Catalina Barrientos, Fabiola Molina, Daniela Valdés, Silvina Arrosi, Silvina Ramos, Paulina Rincón, Loreto Villagran Valenzuela http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Bacterial meningitis knowledge, attitude and practice study among parents: a cross-sectional study
In Morocco, bacterial meningitis has consistently posed a significant public health challenge. Addressing this issue requires a deeper understanding of public perceptions to enhance awareness and prevention efforts. This quantitative cross-sectional study, conducted in health facilities in the Marrakech-Safi region from May 2022 to January 2023, employed Cronbach's Alpha with a reliability score of 72% to analyze the association between knowledge levels and various factors. The research revealed that the majority of participants were aged between 20 and 30 years (51.8%) and female (64.4%). The term most commonly used by Moroccans to describe purulent meningitis was “bad fever” (Skhana lkhayba), with 68.8% using this term. Additionally, 82% of participants had an average level of knowledge about the disease. Analysis indicated that families with four children demonstrated a higher level of knowledge compared to those with fewer or more children (p = 0.048). Participants residing in structured housing had a lower level of knowledge than those in unstructured housing (p = 0.017). Furthermore, educational attainment at the primary and secondary school levels was significantly associated with knowledge levels (p = 0.020 and p = 0.015, respectively). Understanding public perceptions and vulnerabilities related to bacterial meningitis can significantly improve disease control and prevention strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siham Jbari, Karima El-Mouhdi, Hajar El Omari, Mounir Bourrous, Samia Boussaa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Physical activity interventions for adolescent suicide ideation and behavior: a rapid review
Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and mental health issues have become significant public health challenges. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors during adolescence. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were sourced from SPORTDiscus, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Google Scholar. The review included English-language peer reviewed articles published between January 2018 and March 2023, focusing on physical activity, sport, and mental health in adolescents aged 10 to 19. Adolescents with low levels of physical activity or high levels of sedentary behavior were at greater risk of suicidal thoughts compared to their more physically active counterparts. Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was not directly associated with self-harm or mental health disorders, the overall mental health benefits of physical activity, especially in the context of socially engaging sports, were evident. Some aspects of these associations warrant further investigation. Physical activity and sport offer cost-effective, widely accepted interventions that have significant potential to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors among adolescents. Given the devastating impact of suicide on young people, incorporating physical activity into mental health promotion and intervention strategies is crucial.
Copyright (c) 2025 Richard Peter Bailey, Nadia Samsudin, Francis Ries, Janet Ann Fernandez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Enhancing cancer patient care via nursing apps: a systematic review
Digital health interventions have been shown to be effective in improving the quality of life for cancer patients through education, symptom management, and psychosocial support. This research aims to identify application content that can enhance the quality of life for cancer patients. The method used is a systematic review based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design (PICOS) criteria. From the search, 941 articles were found in the JSTOR database (n = 11), Science Direct (n = 54), ProQuest (n = 609), and Springer Link (n = 267), with a publication period from 2019 to 2024. The keywords used include: nursing applications, cancer, application content, quality of life, and randomized clinical trials (RCT). The inclusion criteria encompass RCT published in peer-reviewed journals, written in English, and utilizing digital applications as interventions to improve the quality of life for cancer patients. This research includes patients aged 16-80 from various countries, including China, Turkey, Ireland, Taiwan, and Australia. The results show that digital interventions such as digital storytelling, education through applications, nurse support programs, and virtual reality significantly improve patients' quality of life. The intervention content includes six main themes: medical education, symptom management, psychosocial support, multidisciplinary interventions, physical activity, and relaxation, as well as interactive digital platforms.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi Retnaningsih, Niken Sukesi, Rozaq Isnaini Nugraha, Reanita Anggis Deraya, Maulida Izzatin Ni’mah, Iva Anissya Putri, Sinta Selviana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of school-based nutrition education on obesity and nutritional status of adolescent girls: a scoping review
School based nutrition education is an effective way to improve nutritional status of adolescent girls through changing their dietary behaviors. This scoping review therefore aimed to summarize the available literature evaluating the effectiveness of school-based nutrition education interventions on anthropometric measures and nutritional status of adolescent girls. A systematic approach following the PRISMA guidelines was adopted to investigate the effects of nutrition education in schools. A search term and an eligibility criterion were applied and 2 databases, i.e., Scopus and PubMed were selected to retrieve the existing literature. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 11 studies and data from 3957 participants were included in this review. School-education intervention was taken as an independent variable to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs. Most of the studies found the beneficial effects of school-based nutrition programs to reduce obesity among adolescent girls. However, a few studies (n = 4) did not show any significant impact of nutrition education programs to improve nutritional status of this age-group girls. Our review reported the beneficial effect of school health-education programs to reduce obesity in adolescent girls. A holistic approach with more professional training for teachers based on health promotion strategies, inclusion of nutrition education into the curriculum, operative follow-up and evaluations are needed to implement more effective school-based nutrition education programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sehar Iqbal, Saira Zafar, Syed Hassan Bin Usman Shah, Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Empowering breastfeeding mothers: How self-directed learning boosts confidence-unveiling the two-round Delphi method
Promoting breastfeeding self-efficacy through self-directed learning requires behavior, goal setting, and self-reinforcement. This research aims to collect insights from health professionals on strategies for improving maternal confidence in breastfeeding using self-directed learning and existing knowledge. An in-depth exploration through a two-round Delphi method rooted in the self-efficacy theory of self-directed learning for breastfeeding mothers was conducted, involving expert input and an extensive literature review. Four key documents were identified, each undergoing rigorous expert rating to ensure quality. Six essential elements for health professionals to guide breastfeeding mothers were established, focusing on lactation physiology, successful initiation, confidence building, adversity management, cultural beliefs, and public breastfeeding. Three crucial topics, including prior knowledge, personal attributes, and autonomous processes, were designed to enhance self-efficacy through self-directed learning. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the vital role of health professionals in supporting mothers through comprehensive breastfeeding guidance and encouraging self-directed learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dewi Ariani, Respati Suryanto Dradjat, Kumboyono, Lilik Zuhriyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Thai E-sarn dance on balance and muscle strength in elderly women with falls risk
The risk of falls, which is a significant contributor to mortality among the elderly population, is increasing due to declining balance and muscle strength. A quasi-experimental design was used in this study to examine the effects of traditional Thai E-sarn on balance and muscle strength in older women living in the community. The experimental or control group consisted of 35 people. The experimental group participated in a 12-week fitness regimen utilizing Thai E-sarn. The control group avoided participating in any type of physical activity. The experimental group exhibited notable enhancements in their balance, muscle strength, and health parameters as compared to the control group. In the experimental group, the timed up and go test (TUG) score was reduced by 1.91 seconds (95%CI: 0.67 to 3.16), p=0.003, while the 30-second chair stand test (30CST) increased by 3.15 (95%CI: 1.24 to 5.04), p<0.002. Systolic blood pressure dropped by 6.58 mmHg, diastolic by 5.57, and heart rate by 5.29 beats per minute. These findings suggest regular Thai E-sarn dance may improve balance, muscle strength, and all other parameters. Additional investigation is required to elucidate the impact of exercise on enhancing the general health of older adults.
Copyright (c) 2025 Warangkana Chompoopan, Worawut Chompoopan, Saowaluk Seedaket, Duangruedee Chotklang, Siratorn Pongjan, Tivapron Kombusadee http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Interdisciplinary diagnostics and dental treatment: clinical case report of a 13-year-old female patient
The study was conducted at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, University Medical-Dental Center, Varna, Bulgaria, in 2023, with permission and informed consent from the parents and the patient. Patient K. Vl. Ts., 13 years old from the city of Varna, comes without complaints. The reason for the visit is a desire to consult an orthodontist and start orthodontic treatment. The patient had a hospital stay at the age of 8 due to an operation - adenoidectomy. PLI - Plaque index by Silness and Löe with a value equal to 1.58, which defines oral hygiene as satisfactory to poor. Exogenous prophylaxis was performed. Treatment of plaque-associated gingival inflammation with professional oral hygiene and application of fluoride varnish every 3 months. Treatment of dental caries is operative: Teeth 27, 36, 37, 47 - with caries occlusalis D 2-3, lesions - after minimally invasive operative treatment with a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) placed, a definitive filling was made with photo-composite and sealant application of the healthy pits and fossae of the fissure. Patients and their parents should be trained to practice excellent oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment in order to reduce the risk of developing dental caries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dobrinka Mitkova Damyanova, Sirma Todorova Angelova, Yoana Rumenova Ruseva http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Developing an automatic handwashing innovation for Thai preschool children
Handwashing is vital in COVID-19 prevention and other infectious diseases. However, ensuring regular handwashing among children aged 3-5 proves challenging due to inconsistent compliance. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an automatic handwashing innovation for preschools, involving 13 executives from local organizations, a health-promoting hospital, and 77 children aged 3-5 from Khlong 6, Pathum Thani, Thailand. Evaluation tools included in-depth interview questionnaires, an automatic handwashing evaluation form, and preschool behavior assessment tools. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews and experimental group evaluations, with analysis involving content analysis, mean, and standard deviations. Findings indicated that: i) Caregivers struggle to consistently supervise children's handwashing, particularly before meals, after bathroom use, and when touching public surfaces; ii) The automatic handwashing innovation effectively caters to the community's needs in early childhood care; and iii) The design of this innovation should prioritize elements that enhance children's enjoyment and safety. The final prototype is a screen-based system that demonstrates automated handwashing. It features a bear character who guides the handwashing techniques and music for three minutes. Post implementation, preschoolers demonstrated improved independent handwashing skills, achieving high scores (X=1.87, SD=0.212). Future advancements in this area should continue focusing on child-centric design to promote early childhood hand hygiene effectively.
Copyright (c) 2025 Phatcharaphan Chaiyasung, Nuttaya Sritakaew, Pilailak Rojanaprasert, Usa Thohinung, Nisapichayapak Meesomsak, Sirichai Triamlumlerd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Knowledge and practices of nurses regarding prevention of hepatitis B and C viral infection: findings from a single center cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
The study aimed to evaluate the nurses’ levels of knowledge and practices in preventing hepatitis B and C viral infections in tertiary level hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 119 nurses in tertiary level hospital by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by face to-face interview with semi-structured questionnaire and analysis involved the frequency distribution tables, bar diagrams, and proportion (z-tests). The analysis revealed that most of the nurses fell within the 25-34 age groups, and predominantly held a diploma in nursing. Analysis indicated that 95.79% demonstrated good knowledge, whereas 70.59% exposed good practices. Proportion tests revealed significant associations between demographic factors and knowledge/practice levels. Higher educated nurses (poor knowledge, good knowledge: 13.0%, 87.0%; p = 0.021) and those in older age groups (poor practice, good practice: 36.8%, 63.2%; p = 0.002) displayed significantly better knowledge and practices. This study highlights good knowledge among nurses concerning the prevention of hepatitis B and C infections; significant variation exists in the application of preventive practices. Training programs are recommended to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahima Parvin, Md. Abdul Jabbar, Hafiza Sultana, Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman, Most Rownak Zahan Rimu, Rafaat Choudhury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Computational paradigm for advancing lung cancer drug discovery
Lung cancer remainders one of the foremost causes of cancer-related impermanence worldwide. The availability of novel medicines for patients with lung cancer is restricted by the extremely lengthy timetables and high attrition rates of traditional drug discovery procedures. However, in silico drug discovery has emerged as a powerful and affordable way to identify potential treatments. This work offers well-structured paradigms for using virtual techniques to identify potential lung cancer treatments. The main concerns are virtual screening, target validation and identification, pharmacokinetic assessment, and molecular docking. The cost and time of drug development are reduced and a valuable platform for discovering novel drugs to treat lung cancer is produced by merging computational resources with proper methodologies. The current work explores the recent advancements, challenges, and possible future paths. Mann-Whitney U test says that the sampled data is different in distribution for molecular weight (MW), LogP, amount of H acceptors, and quantity of H donors for active and inactive molecules. Python tool has been utilized and identified that the CHEMBL4850929 (C31H31F2N7O4) molecule is a potential drug. It has pIC50 7.61, Lipinski values in terms of MW 603.63, LogP 3.36, amount of H donors 1, quantity of H acceptors 10.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ochin Sharma, Alwalid Bashier Gism Elseed Ahmed, Mudassir Khan, Ghantasala Gnana Sudha Pradeep, Pellakuri Vidyullatha, Mohammad Mazhar Nezami http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors associated with physical activity time among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Previous studies on factors associated with physical activity among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City have lacked a specific framework. This study aimed to assess factors associated with moderate and vigorous physical activity time among Ho Chi Minh City’s adolescents. We used the Health Belief Model to develop a more comprehensive survey. This cross sectional study, conducted from January to May 2023, analyzed data from 301 students. Variables were measured using a self-management questionnaire with three sections: socioeconomics, physical activity, and the Health Belief Model. This study found that adolescents spent an average of 54.7 minutes per day engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity. This duration was independently associated with convenience (Coefficient = 5.49; p = 0.002), self-efficacy (Coefficient = 5.63; p<0.001), having an exercise companion (Coefficient = 16.98; p<0.001), and the perception that more than 60 minutes of daily activity is needed (Coefficient = 16.82; p<0.001). The Health Belief Model has the potential to explain the time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City. Self-efficacy, convenience, companionship, and perceptions of appropriate physical activity duration should be considered when developing intervention programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vinh Quang Phung, Vien Truong Nguyen, Ngoc-Trinh Thi Nguyen, Dang Ngoc Tran, Phong Duy Nguyen, Hong Kim Tang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Maternal behavior in provider of reproductive health education to early childhood
Society often views sex education for early childhood as taboo, believing it is inappropriate for young children. However, early health education plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of sexual violence. In 2022, the Indonesian government recorded a high incidence of sexual violence, with 11.016 reported cases. This study examines the factors that influence maternal behavior in providing reproductive health education to early childhood in West Sumatra during 2021. This study uses a quantitative cross-sectional study method, the research conducted in May to October 2021 in West Sumatra. The study involved 257 mothers with children aged 3-6 years, selected through cluster sampling. We analyzed the data using univariate and bivariate analysis, employing the Chi-square method. The result shows that factors such as attitudes (0.029), exposure to information (<0.001), and family support (<0.001) significantly influence maternal behavior in providing reproductive health education. However, knowledge levels do not show a significant influence on maternal behavior. In addressing these findings, we recommend strengthening family support through family counseling training programs and increasing the availability and accessibility of information on reproductive health education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Melisa Yenti, Inda Mustika Permata, Mivtahurrahimah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The application of the Dhiana Setyorini Score Card in early detection of the risk of preeclampsia
Preeclampsia pregnancy complications can negatively impact the fetal in the womb, potentially leading to delayed or non-developmental growth. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of the Dhiana Setyorini Score Card on the early detection of preeclampsia risk. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, with an intervention group receiving the Dhiana Setyorini Score Card and a control group receiving counselling on preeclampsia. The study utilized purposive sampling with 100 cadres divided into two groups, focusing on four health centers in Bima, Indonesia, and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Knowledge in the intervention group increased significantly in both knowledge and ability categories. However, in the control group, knowledge and ability did not differ significantly. The application of the Dhiana Setyorini Score Card in the intervention group was better than counselling conducted by the health center for the early detection of preeclampsia. There was a significant difference between the levels of knowledge and ability in the intervention group (p<0.005). In conclusion, the application of the Dhiana Setyorini Score Card is more effective in increasing knowledge and the ability to detect preeclampsia early than the counselling method conducted by a health center.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syaiful, Nurwahidah, Sulaiman Lalu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gender disparities in knowledge of urban adolescents dating violence: differential item function analysis in rasch model
Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a global public health problem that has a serious impact on adolescents' physical, psychological, and social development. This study aimed to explore gender disparities in Indonesian adolescents' knowledge of dating violence using the Rasch Model and Differential Item Function Analysis. A total of 250 junior high school students in Yogyakarta, consisting of 107 males and 143 females, participated. The ADV knowledge measurement instrument consisted of 16 previously tested items for validity and reliability. Results showed that female students had a higher level of knowledge than male students, especially in identifying emotional and physical violence. Differential item function (DIF) analysis revealed that two items showed differences in perception based on gender, with female students focusing more on physical violence. In contrast, male students tended to view physical violence as a more common behaviour. This study highlights the importance of more inclusive and gender-sensitive educational programs to increase adolescents' knowledge of different forms of dating violence. The findings provide important insights for the development of interventions that can help prevent dating violence among adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suci Musvita Ayu, Liena Sofiana, Yuniar Wardani, Erni Gustina, Moh. Irma Sukarelawan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Quality of life among peri menopausal and post-menopausal women from rural area of Western India
Menopause, remains a poorly investigated topic holding increased taboo. In addition to symptoms categorized under vasomotor, vaginal, energy, food and insomnia, it is linked to occurrence of various medical comorbidities. Understanding the status of menopause symptoms and awareness will help provide insight on how it influences women’s quality of life. Objective was to assess the association of menopause on attributes of sleep, energy, memory, work, leisure and everyday activities affecting quality of life. This was a community based cross-sectional study conducted over three months in randomly selected villages under rural field practice area of private medical college in Maharashtra. Data was collected during health camps along with house visits. Research tool containing socio-demographic, menopausal status and quality of life components was used targeting women aged 40-65 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to find odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio respectively for menopausal symptoms with associated attributes at 5% level of significance and 95% CI. Results showed the mean age of women was 48.16 years ±8.4 SD, by which 57% had fully attained menopause and it was associated with significant changes in sleep, memory and physical relations. This study lays emphasis on the fact that menopause period is associated with sleep and memory disturbances as well as physical relations in rural women. It also highlights on the poor knowledge and attitude pertaining to menopause in a rural setup.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sanjana Maniktalla, Jayashree Sachin Gothankar, Arvinder Pal Singh Narula http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sexual health and well-being during antenatal care: addressing global gaps in healthcare provision
This paper highlights the importance of addressing sexual health and well-being in antenatal care, which goes beyond the absence of reproductive disease to include physical, mental, and social aspects. Central to sexual health is the quality of the relationship between expectant parents, which can influence the future well-being of both the parents and their child. Despite this, current antenatal care often fails to address sexual health due to healthcare providers' lack of training and fears of offending patients when discussing intimate issues. The paper suggests that antenatal care might be viewed as an inadequate environment to handle such sensitive matters—due to time constraints and perceived intrusiveness, it could be an optimal time for discussions, as parents-to-be are particularly attuned to relationship health during pregnancy. The paper also focuses on adolescent mothers as a globally neglected group in terms of sexual health support during pregnancy, despite the significant role they play in ensuring intergenerational well-being. The broader healthcare system, however, continues to treat sexual health and well-being as taboo subjects, leaving a gap in global antenatal services. As research underscores the importance of a strong parental relationship for the socio-emotional development of the child, the paper advocates for integrating sexual health into antenatal care to enhance both parental well-being and child development. However, this area remains underexplored in many parts of the world due to cultural sensitivities and limited healthcare infrastructure.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kabiru Abubakar Gulma, Abubakar Isa Musa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring spatial variations and risk factors associated with cesarean section delivery in Bangladesh
This study was to explore the spatial variations and risk factors of cesarean delivery in Bangladesh. We used the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 data. The Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was applied to assess the hot spots and cold spots of cesarean delivery, and a multilevel logistic regression model was utilized to determine the risk factors related to cesarean delivery in Bangladesh. This study found that one-third of all births (33%; 95% CI = 30.68-34.66) delivered through cesarean section. The hot spots of cesarean delivery were in Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions. The cold spots were in Barisal, Rangpur, and Sylhet divisions. Women with higher education (OR =2 .24, 95% CI = 1.49-3.36), overweight/obese women (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.63–2.63) and women from Khulna division (OR = 1.87, 95% CI= 1.32–2.64) were significantly associated with cesarean section. Therefore, concentrating on factors including women’s education, partner's education, partner’s occupation, age at first birth, wealth index, women’s body mass index (BMI) status, media exposure, and divisions might play a crucial role in reducing the unnecessary cesarean section in Bangladesh.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Saiful Islam, Md. Junayeth Bhuiyan, Md. Sharif Miah, Md. Mamunur Rashid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The correlation between family empowerment and the role of family health tasks in preventing anemia during pregnancy
Anemia in pregnancy can harm the mother and baby. Prevention of anemia in pregnant women cannot be separated from the role of the family. Increasing the role of the family requires family empowerment, especially from the husband. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between family empowerment and family role in preventing anemia during pregnancy. This study used a descriptive correlational approach. Sample was 150 of pregnant women who received antenatal care at the Klampis Ngasem and Pacar Keling Health Center, East Java, Indonesia, and were selected using a consecutive sampling method. A statistical test to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables is conducted using Spearman's Rho. and Chi-square. This study indicates a significant correlation between family empowerment and family role in prevention anemia during pregnancy (p = 0.000; r = 0.578). There is a relationship between the components of family empowerment and family function. Motivation (p = 0.000; r = 0.643), cognitive (p = 0.000; r = 0.552), and personal traits (p = 0.000; r = 0.565) correlated with family role in preventing anemia during pregnancy. Health workers need to provide education to increase family empowerment to increase the role of the family in the five family tasks in preventing anemia during pregnancy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mira Triharini, Sylvia Dwi Wahyuni, Ni Ketut Alit Armini, Elida Ulfiana, Zurinda Dwi Nur Lailiyaturrohmah, Ananda Amalia Ramadhani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Attitude as a mediator between socio-ecological factors and non-communicable disease management: a study protocol
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have risen in Malaysia, and people with low socioeconomic status are more vulnerable to NCDs. Previous studies on the management of non-communicable disease have focused on aspects of socioeconomic factors, individual factors, and psychosocial factors. However, there is limited information on socio-ecological factors (e.g. intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal factors) and their direct and indirect effect of socio-ecological factors on non-communicable disease management mediated by attitude has not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of attitude as a mediator between socio-ecological factors and non-communicable disease management among support staff in Putrajaya, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling will be conducted at selected Ministries, in Putrajaya Malaysia. The questionnaire will assess respondents’ background information, knowledge of non-communicable disease, attitude towards preventing non-communicable disease and chronic illness resources survey (CIRS) to measure socio-ecological factors. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used in data analysis using SPSS and SEM with AMOS software. The findings will provide a theoretical model for understanding the various factors that determine towards non-communicable disease management through mediation of attitude.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azrin Shah Abu Bakar, Haliza Abdul Rahman, Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq Mohd Nazan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors associated with risk scores among stone mortar workers exposed to high noise levels in Lampang province, Thailand
Noise pollution is an undesirable phenomenon that affects human health and can lead to occupational hearing loss. This study was to assess associations of risk scores from exposure to noise related to their variables from noise exposure among stone mortar workers who exposed to high noise levels during their work in Lampang, Thailand. The study was conducted between August and September 2023. Data collection involved using standardized questionnaires which were developed by researchers and used scientific instruments for noise measurement. The questionnaires contained items related to population characteristics and work information, knowledge, attitude, and practice for preventing noise exposure, noise exposure measurement, and risk scores from exposure to noise. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze data. The results showed that seven factors significantly associated with risk scores from exposure to noise while performing their work. Apparently, there were four influential variables which included height of workers, ear symptoms, working hour per day, and noise measurement as tested using multiple regression analysis. Therefore, efforts should be made to manage those variables by drafting policies and creating tools for risk prediction to control the influential variables related to risk level from exposure to noise in the working area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuwadee Khunsaard, Arroon Ketsakorn http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Satisfaction with health services received by patients in regional hospitals using SERVQUAL
The concept of patient satisfaction, which has historically been overlooked and undervalued, is gaining importance. We aimed to investigate patient satisfaction with health services at the hospital. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2024. The study was conducted at Bima City Regional Hospital, NTB, Indonesia. The sample obtained was 437. The level of satisfaction was measured using 19 questions. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used in this study. The highest opportunity for reliability and responsiveness was found in patients aged 20–29 with OR and CI values of 1.97 (1.65–2.98) and 1.76 (1.03–2.09), respectively. For the tangibles dimension, the highest opportunity was in the age of 40-49 with OR and CI values of 1.98 (2.03–4.37). The highest OR (CI) values for each employed status namely 0.96 (0.77–1.21), 0.89 (0.67–1.18), 0.76 (0.41–1.40), 0.79 (0.51–1.70), and 0.92 (0.72–1.23). Meanwhile, at the level of education, respondents with university education had the highest opportunity value in all dimensions, with OR and Ci values of 0.84 (0.58–1.34), 1.42 (0.78–2.51), 0.51 (0.19–1.56), 0.59 (0.22–1.67), 1.45 (0.82–2.87). In conclusion, patient satisfaction with health services was influenced by age, employment status, and provider friendliness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aniharyati Aniharyati, Abdul Haris, Sulaiman Lalu, Saimi Saimi, Menap Menap, Satsrawan Satsrawan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of leadership approaches and appraisal practices on hospital workforce and environment
Hospital appraisal practices can directly impact workforce-based outcomes, including work performance, retention rate, and physical and emotional well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of performance appraisals and leadership approaches on the overall job satisfaction of the workforce in healthcare settings. A descriptive cross-sectional method was employed to collect data from 258 randomly selected health workforce from different private hospitals in Bangalore, India. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the appraisal process, leadership approaches, and sentiments. SPSS version 26 and Python 3.13 were used for statistical analysis. Most of the participants (62.2%) had a good understanding of the performance appraisal process, viewing it as essential for professional growth (95%) and work quality (96.5%). However, 53.8% felt that appraisal requirements were poorly communicated, with 58.9% reporting common unfair practices. Over half of them (56.3%) acknowledged their manager's influence, but only 43.6% expressed moderate satisfaction. This study found that despite the good understanding of the performance appraisal among the study participants, the lack of communication and the unethical work environment contributed to dissatisfaction. Thus, organizations should develop a more transparent, fair, and employee-centric appraisal system to enhance job satisfaction, workforce stability, and overall patient care quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Subodh S. Satheesh, Anila Cholleti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The role of community-based organizations in improving rural female adolescents’ knowledge, attitude, and haemoglobin level
Addressing the prevalence of anemia in female adolescents requires the active engagement of multiple sectors. The COVID-19 pandemic has hampered the school-based weekly iron folate supplementation (WIFAS) program which may lead to an increased anemia prevalence in female adolescents. The role of community-based organizations in assisting preexisting programs is supposed to alleviate the prevalence effectively. This study aimed to analyze the role of a community-based organization (CBO) consisting of youth organizations and integrated services post cadres in a program to improve hemoglobin level in Sirnagalih Village, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. This pre-experimental study involved 89 female adolescents. After the intervention conducted by the CBO, significant differences were identified in the level of knowledge, attitudes, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels of female adolescents (p<0.05). The linear regression test obtained a statistical model equation related to female adolescents' Hb levels after being assisted by the CBO (R = 0.821, p = 0.000). The variable role of CBO, understanding media information, initial Hb level, adherence to consuming WIFAS, and habits to consume iron enhancer food of female adolescents can explain the Hb levels as much as 82%.
Copyright (c) 2025 Apriningsih Apriningsih, Rita Ismail, Ratri Ciptaningtyas, Tri Astuti Sugiyatmi, Dudung Angkasa, Fathimath Ana Nadheem http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factor associated with physical activity level among secondary boarding school students in Selangor, Malaysia
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with physical activity among secondary boarding school students. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that captured socio-demographic information, physical activity levels, sedentary behavior, social support (from family and peers), and psychological factors (depression, anxiety, and stress). Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight, were obtained using a SECA217 stadiometer and a Tanita weighing scale, with body mass index (BMI)-for-age subsequently calculated. A total of 181 participants were included in the study. The results indicated that the majority of students met the recommended physical activity guidelines. Approximately two-thirds of participants were classified as having a normal BMI, while the majority exhibited high levels of sedentary behavior. Regarding social support, only one-fifth of students reported receiving adequate family support, while half of the students reported adequate peer support. Psychological assessments revealed that one-third of participants exhibited normal depressive symptoms, whereas nearly half exhibited symptoms of anxiety and stress. Significant associations were identified between physical activity levels and several factors, including age, gender, family support, peer support, and stress. In conclusion, while most secondary boarding school students in this study met the recommended daily amount of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behavior and varying levels of social support and psychological distress highlight areas that warrant further intervention.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad ‘Afifu’d-din Hisamuddin, Hazizi Abu Saad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Nutritional status and anxiety levels of adolescent during COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has had various health impacts, experienced by all age groups. However, many health problems are experienced by adolescents. The nutritional and psychological issues of teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic require additional investigation. This study seeks to investigate the nutritional status and anxiety levels of teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The cross-sectional research. Boys and girls aged 14-18 years became the research subject, who was chosen by using incidental sampling. The independent variable is nutritional status. The variable is anxiety. The data was collected by distributing a questionnaire, the assessment of nutritional status using body mass index, and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS/SRAS) for psychological status. It reported that there is no influence between nutritional status and anxiety in adolescents (p>0.05). There is no influence between nutritional status and anxiety in adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ratna Indriawati, Bambang Edi Susyanto, Farah Dita Amany, Tunjung Wibowo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Stunting among toddlers in poor Indonesian households
Poverty has a significant impact on stunting in children under the age of five from low-income families, accounting for around 18.4% of stunting cases in Indonesia. The goal of this study was to look into the factors that may contribute to the prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five from low-income families in Indonesia. The study used a cross-sectional design and data from the 2022 Indonesian National Nutrition Status Survey to evaluate approximately 112,574 children. The data was analyzed at the multivariate level in binary logistics using SPSS 26 software. The data revealed that around 24.8% of disadvantaged households in Indonesia experienced stunting, with a variety of variables impacting its frequency. These included residence variables (AOR:1.08 and 95% CI:1.08-1.09), maternal age (AOR: 1.28 with 95% CI: 1.21-1.25), education level (AOR: 1.02 and 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), marital status (AOR:1.02 with 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), Antenatal Care (ANC) (AOR:1.45 with 95% CI: 1.44-1.47), age of the child (AOR:3.29 with 95% CI: 3.27-3.31), and the sex of the infant (AOR:3.29 with 95% CI: 3.27-3.21). Seven characteristics have been identified as predictors of stunting in children under the age of five in disadvantaged Indonesian homes. Expanding targeted programs for low-income families is critical for increasing their income through comprehensive entrepreneurship training and social assistance activities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sarni Rante Allo Bela, Mona Safitri Fatiah, Yane Tambing, Agung Dwi Laksono, Ratna Dwi Wulandari, Hastin Dyah Kusumawardani, Taufiq Hidayat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring the role of swimming in enhancing diet-based weight loss programs for athletes
This study explores the synergistic effects of customized dietary strategies and aerobic exercise, specifically swimming, on achieving weight loss while preserving muscle mass in athletes. The research highlights the importance of a holistic approach to weight management, integrating personalized diet plans with tailored exercise regimens. The study segmented participants into two groups, one following a standard diet for weight maintenance and another adhering to a similar diet augmented by regular swimming sessions aimed at weight loss. Results indicate that the diet-plus-swimming group exhibited significantly greater reductions in weight and body mass index (BMI) compared to the diet-only group, suggesting that incorporating swimming enhances the effectiveness of dietary interventions. These findings emphasize the potential of combining physical activities such as swimming with dietary modifications to achieve optimal weight management outcomes, providing a comprehensive approach to athlete health management. The study also underscores the need for personalized strategies that consider individual characteristics and preferences to support sustainable weight loss and improved health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cherkaoui Sidi Hassan, Mouane Nezha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Chronic strains, self-efficacy, and mental health: a cross-sectional study among university students in Bangladesh
Chronic strains, arise from daily activities, can affect mental healthcare of individuals across various professions, including students. However, how chronic strains affect mental health of students is poorly understood so far for students. We aim to identify the most prevalent chronic strains and examine the effects of chronic strains on mental health conditions adjusted for socio-demographic variables. A total of 393 students were included in the study. They were interviewed through a structured questionnaire between April 6 and May 28, 2023. The outcome variable considered were mental health measured through 14-item questions. The prime explanatory variable was chronic strains. Multivariable linear regressions were used to the relationships of chronic strains, self-efficacy, and socio-demographic characteristics with mental health conditions. We found that 16.7% of participants reported low levels of chronic strains, 66.4% reported moderate levels and 18.3% reported high levels. ‘Tension for future career’ emerged as the most significant source of stress that led chronic strains. Chronic strains and self-efficacy were found to be significant determinants of different mental health conditions. These findings suggest that institutions should focus on improving students’ psychological well-being to mitigate the impact of chronic strains.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rashed Hossain, Rasheda Irshad Nasir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of the project to develop an information system for promoting community health
This study aimed to evaluate the Thailand Community Network Appraisal Program (TCNAP) during 2020-2022, utilizing a developmental evaluation framework based on the CIPP model. Data collection employed a mixed methods approach. Methods included in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 204 representatives from the Healthy Community Strengthening Office under the Thai Health Promotion Foundation (Thai Health), the Research and Development Community Health System Center, the Center of Community Database Management, and the Regional Center of Academic Support for Network Management. Quantitative data were collected through online surveys assessing the effectiveness of the TCNAP project from 376 delegates of the co-creation livable community network. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis, while thematic and content analysis were applied for qualitative data. Results indicated that the project network expressed high satisfaction with the database usage, with a mean score of 3.99±0.76. It was observed that 8 out of 10 indicators successfully achieved their objectives. Additionally, the pragmatic utility of information derived from TCNAP was evident in formulating local development plans and garnering external support for enhancing community health and quality of life. This commitment to evidence-based practice is encapsulated by the phrase “Data equals stability.” However, sustaining the implementation of the TCNAP project posed significant challenges. Proposed developmental strategies include organizing knowledge exchange activities, improving data collection tools and formats, and providing budgetary support tailored to the area context. Additionally, enhancing the operational system of TCNAP is crucial to ensure stability, convenience, efficiency, and adaptability for both current and future use.
Copyright (c) 2025 Patchana Hengboriboonpong Jaidee, Sirichai Junphum, Supattra Assawamaitree, Nisa Rattanadilok Na Phuket, Nattakarn Sittisaman, Wanasara Chaoniyom http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer use among university students in Bangladesh: knowledge, practices, and influencing factors
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus epidemic in December 2019, it has become a significant threat to the health and lives of the global population. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) approved alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS) as an alternative hand hygiene method to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection. As a result, during the COVID-19 epidemic, the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers expanded rapidly, particularly among students. In Bangladesh, there has been a substantial growth of ABHS producers since the outbreak of coronavirus. Greater emphasis was placed on the necessity to use ABHS for protection but but placed less emphasis on safe use. This research attempts to assess the knowledge, practices, and influencing factors related to ABHS usage among university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out among 800 university students using a semi-structured questionnaire. More than half of the students buy alcohol-based hand sanitizer due to their effectiveness. The multiple regression analysis suggests that age, sex, and family income sources have affected students' knowledge and practice scores associated with alcohol-based hand sanitizers. This study highlights the need for proper ABHS usage, handling, and selection for maximum efficacy against targeted infections and safe ABHS use. Only adequate awareness and knowledge on hand hygiene practices can reduce the risks of pathogen transmission, either directly or indirectly.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md Ekhtekharul Islam, Monsur Chowdhury, Fahmida Hassin, Hafizur Rahman, Kulsum Ara http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Supportive work environment for people with Down syndrome in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study
Understanding organizational culture, knowledge of employment rights, and positive attitudes towards people with disabilities is crucial for creating inclusive workplaces. This Malaysian study compared the perspectives of employers, employees, and community members with disabilities using a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling of 595 respondents. Data on demographics, organizational culture, legislative knowledge, and attitudes were collected via a validated survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression in JAMOVI and SPSS, with a p-value<.05 indicating significance. The study found a moderately supportive organizational culture for employing people with disabilities, with the highest scores in supportive work environments and inclusive culture. Employers and employees perceived greater top management commitment and inclusivity than community members with Down syndrome. Legislative knowledge and positive attitudes significantly shaped perceptions of a supportive and inclusive workplace. Muslim participants reported greater support and disability-accommodating human resource (HR) practices than those of other religions. The findings underscore the need for targeted training and awareness programs on disability rights to enhance inclusivity among all stakeholders in Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md Mizanur Rahman, Chuong Hock Ting, Razitasham Safii, Rosalia Saimon, Yoke Yong Chen, Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Abg Safuan Adenan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
How genetic determinism and essentialism relate to health care
Genetics has become important in various areas of life, especially in healthcare. People can undergo a range of genetic testing to assess their susceptibility to acquiring diseases. Nevertheless, data derived from genetic testing might indicate bias due to genetic determinism and essentialism. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of genetic determinism and essentialism on several aspects of healthcare. This study conducted a systematic review approach using the Scopus database and followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analysis (PRISMA) search framework. We initially received 802 publications, then reduced to 49 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then content analysis was conducted. Our research showed that determinist bias and genetic essentialism may reduce patient diagnosis, treatment accuracy, and effectiveness. Moreover, biases related to genetic determinism and essentialism may go against healthcare regulations and cause discrimination and other negative clinical outcomes from ethical, social, and legal aspects. To improve this problem, it is essential for laypeople, particularly medical experts, to understand genetic principles related to the development of variances in traits among individuals in a precise and relatable approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nindiana Choirunisa', Siti Zubaidah, Hendra Susanto, Chun-Yen Chang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Physical activity, sleeping pattern, and road accidents among Saudi population in Najran Province during the month of Ramadan
This study examined the impact of Ramadan fasting on physical activity and sleep patterns among Saudis in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Seventy-three male and female volunteers completed a self-reported questionnaire over five days at Najran University Hospital. Data collected included demographics, physical activity levels, sedentary behaviors, sleep duration, social activities, and mood changes. Results showed that only 29 participants (39.9%) considered themselves physically active, while 44 (60.3%) were sedentary. The mean age of the active group was 41.60±8.21 years. Among females, only 7 (31.8%) were physically active, while 15 (68.2%) were inactive. Factors such as night work, mood changes, and indoor social activities significantly influenced physical activity levels (p<0.005). Regarding sleep, the physically active group had a mean daily sleep duration of 7.43±1.52 hours, while the sedentary group slept an average of 10.20±2.11 hours, showing a statistically significant difference. These findings suggest that Ramadan fasting influences both physical activity and sleep patterns, potentially affecting overall health and well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hatem Mohamed, Ramzi Naim Nasser, Anass M. Abbas, Manar G. Shalabi, Lienda Basheir Eltayeb, Walid Gaafar Hamid Babikr http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Parenting styles, psychological need and game genre in internet gaming disorder
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a growing concern among adolescents. This study examines the impact of different parenting styles on IGD, focusing on the mediating role of psychological need satisfaction. Using a cross-sectional correlational design with mediation analysis, this research investigates indirect effects to understand how parenting styles influence IGD. The study involved 300 participants and analyzed three main parenting styles: authoritative (firm but supportive), authoritarian (strict and controlling), and permissive (lenient). Findings indicate that authoritative parenting reduces IGD by supporting the fulfillment of basic psychological needs, such as autonomy, competence, and connection, as outlined in self-determination theory (SDT). Conversely, authoritarian parenting is associated with higher IGD, as it restricts these psychological needs in real life, leading adolescents to seek fulfillment through excessive gaming, particularly in genres like battle royale. permissive parenting did not show a significant effect on IGD. Additionally, the study revealed that boys are more likely than girls to exhibit higher IGD and find greater psychological need satisfaction in gaming. These results highlight the importance of parenting styles and psychological needs in understanding IGD among adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shimil P. V., Palak Kanwar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Correlation between jet lag syndrome and air travel fatigue
Long-distance air travel causes travelers to experience travel fatigue. Jet lag syndrome is one of the factors that exacerbate fatigue from air travel. Fatigue can seriously impact travelers with a history of illness. Health emergencies resulting from travel fatigue can even lead to death. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the relationship between jet lag syndrome and air travel fatigue. The 117 people who had traveled in the past year had jet lag syndrome and did not meet the exclusion criteria were selected. The questionnaires used the circadian type inventory and the fatigue scale, and validity and reliability were tested. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the variables influencing air travel fatigue. The relationship between jet lag syndrome and air travel fatigue was analyzed using Chi-square analysis. Results of the study identified that 53.8% of respondents experienced severe fatigue, and 54.7% experienced severe jet lag syndrome. Jet lag syndrome correlated with air travel fatigue significantly (p = 0.001). Respondents with severe jet lag syndrome experienced severe fatigue. The findings from this study emphasize that addressing jet lag syndrome is necessary to reduce air travel fatigue for overall health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khaerul Amri, Imelda Avia, Azis Fahruji http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Occupational safety of morticians: A case study of mortuary facilities in Cape Coast, Ghana
Risk assessment is helpful for risk management because it makes significant workplace concerns easier to understand. Because of the numerous risks involved, the death care sector is regarded as one of the riskiest places to work. Nevertheless, not enough research has been done on the safety of mortuary staff in low-resource environments. This study assessed the risks associated with identified hazards in two mortuary facilities at the University of Cape Coast in Ghana. This was a cross-sectional study that used a combination of methods. Thirty-six morticians participated in the study. Respondents scored low on knowledge, high on attitude, and awareness toward occupational health and safety. Only 9 (25.0%) participants knew the correct concentrations of chlorine solution required to disinfect surfaces. Only two of the six chosen volunteers could reconstitute the chlorine solution for disinfection correctly. Risks of chemical inhalation, musculoskeletal injuries, cuts, and traumatic injuries were evaluated as high. A review of incident registers revealed underreporting of injuries. While the study showed significant gaps in the occupational safety of morticians in low-resource environments, it also presents an opportunity for improvement. Regulatory agencies for morticians in Ghana must set out minimum qualifications for this critical category of health workers.
Copyright (c) 2025 James Kojo Prah, Ebenezer Aggrey, Andreas A. Kudom, Mohammed Najimudeen Abdulai, Cecil Banson, Benedict Addo-Yeboa, Richard Pinkrah, Kwasi Sobre Nkrumah, Emmanuel Walker, Elizabeth Atulley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Depression, social support and management preferences among Ghanaian post-stroke patients: a case study
Post-stroke depression (PSD) significantly impacts the lives of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) survivors, yet tailored support systems and management preferences remain under-researched, particularly in specific healthcare settings. This study assessed the experience of depressive symptoms among CVA survivors, the support systems available to them, and their preferred management methods at the Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal Assembly (LEKMA) Hospital in Ghana. Utilizing the descriptive case study design, 50 CVA patients were surveyed using a self-structured questionnaire and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD R-20). Data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel and STATA version 17. Chi-square test of association was used to measure the severity of depression and specific demographic groups. Results indicated a high prevalence of depression (86%), with 10% experiencing moderate and 76% severe depression. Marital status significantly correlated with post-stroke depression (PSD) severity. Primary support sources included spouses/partners and children, providing various forms of support such as physical assistance, emotional well-being, and financial aid. Preferred management options were pharmacology and psychotherapy, driven by the desire for quick symptom relief and concerns over medication side effects and costs. These findings highlight the critical need for enhanced support systems and responsive management strategies to include depression for CVA survivors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lily Yarney, Joseph Nii Otinkorang, Herman Nuake Kofi Agboh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses caring for surgical cerebral aneurysm patients in a Thai Tertiary Hospital
Ruptured cerebral aneurysm after surgery is a critical condition that necessitates vigilant monitoring and early detection of complications by staff nurses. Therefore, an appropriate level of skill and knowledge related to the management of patients undergoing surgery is crucial for nurses to support these patients. The current research aimed to examine KAP indicators (knowledge, attitude, and practice) among nurses in this context, making use of a cross-sectional study design involving the participation of 111 staff nurses selected randomly from one tertiary hospital located in the northeast of Thailand. The study was carried out during February – June 2024, making use of a survey to acquire demographic data along with a questionnaire to measure the KAP indicators. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient. The finding revealed that the overall KAP score on caring patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm undergoing surgery was high. However, the correlation observed between knowledge/attitude/age/duration of experience for caring patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm undergoing surgery and practice was shown to be both positive and significant (p<0.05). Therefore, nurse administrators should implement a comprehensive knowledge training system, enhance specialized training, and improve nursing practices for these patients. This will help to ensure that staff nurses achieve a high level of KAP in providing optimal care for these patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Palama Sobut, Boonyada Wongpimoln, Supattra Pleaynongkhae, Kitiyarat Hanlue, Sattawas Udonsat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Meat product consumption among children aged 1–3 years in Baquba City, Iraq
The caregiver should prioritize meats in the infant's diet during the last 6 months due to their sources of nutrients and proteins. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of meat product consumption among children aged 1–3 and their preferences based on age and sex. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study on 810 children aged 1–3 years using a questionnaire. We used the chi-square test, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The study found that 60.3%, 86.2%, 85.4%, and 59.3% consumed red meat weekly (p ≤ 0.001), fish monthly (p ≤ 0.001), chicken weekly (p ≤ 0.001), and eggs daily (p ≤ 0.001), respectively. The second-year children prefer to consume red meat (44.8%), fish (46.3%), chicken (45.2%), and eggs (44.2%) more frequently than in other years. Males preferred red meat, fish, chicken, and eggs more than females (54.1% vs. 45.9%; 52.7% vs. 47.3%; 54.5% vs. 45.5%, and 54.4% vs. 45.6%), respectively. In conclusion, the consumption of chicken and eggs is more prevalent. In the second year of life, children, particularly boys, consume more meat products due to their own or their parents' preferences. We suggest expanding the scope of this study to include dairy products.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aqeel Abbas Noaman, Sarmad Qassim Mohammad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Prevalence and health literacy on high blood pressure among late adulthood individuals in Northeast Thailand: a cross sectional study
High blood pressure (HBP) is a leading risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and mortality. This study aimed to identify health literacy and other characteristics associated with HBP among late adults in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,345 adults aged 35-59 years from Health Centers 7, 8, 9, and 10 in Northeast Thailand. Descriptive statistics and a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) were used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (Adj. OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results showed a prevalence of HBP at 24.76% (95% CI: 22.52-27.13). Multivariable analysis revealed a significant association between HBP and health literacy in finding health information (Adj. OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.28-1.96, p-value<0.001), as well as judging health information (Adj. OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04-1.73, p-value=0.024). Additionally, history of smoking (Adj. OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.29-3.24, p-value = 0.002), comorbidity (Adj. OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.76-2.74, p-value <0.001), physical activity (Adj. OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.28-2.16, p-value <0.001), and body mass index (Adj. OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.14-4.26, p-value=0.018) were found to be associated with HBP. Poor health literacy increases the risk of HBP. Relevant authorities must evaluate the group context and develop a suitable health literacy model.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kittipong Sornlorm, Arunrat Puncha Glingasorn http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Philippine traditional herbal remedies for hypertension
Certain areas of the Philippines continue to rely on traditional non-pharmacological approaches, such as herbal medicine, for hypertension treatment, a significant public health problem globally. Therefore, a systematic review of plants used in the Philippines to treat hypertension, based on the PRISMA flow diagram, was carried out. Relevant ethnobotanical studies were retrieved from databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Following the eligibility screening, 36 ethnobotanical studies were included. The majority of the studies included in this review came from Region XIII (CARAGA), Region VI (Western Visayas), and Region X (Northern Mindanao). The most prevalent plant family and species were Poaceae (12 species) and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (16 citations), respectively. Leaves were the most common plant parts utilized while decoction was the most frequently mentioned mode of preparation. Oral administration was the most widely used form of administration. This review highlights medicinal plants with potential antihypertensive properties. It underscores the need to conduct a systematic review of their pharmacological properties to determine which have been scientifically validated and are most effective against hypertension.
Copyright (c) 2025 Meliza Parba, Cesar G. Demayo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale
Hypertension is a long-term condition that enables individuals to take an active role in managing their health care— inadequate adherence to medication regimens is a major factor contributing to treatment failure. We translated and updated the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale for use in Indonesia, where systemic hypertension is becoming increasingly prevalent. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale. The descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted in East Java, Indonesia, during June and July 2021. For the purpose of selecting 144 persons who had hypertension, a convenience sample was utilized. The Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance instrument was translated from English into Indonesian using a forward-backward translation method, followed by evaluation by an expert panel and pilot testing. To assess its reliability, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and item-total correlation were utilized. A Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.945 confirmed the adequacy of the sample for the study. Additionally, the Bartlett’s test yielded a significant result (X² = 132.41; p < 0.001), supporting the appropriateness of conducting a factor analysis. Using factor analysis, the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale revealed a single factor with an eigenvalue >1 that explained 42.13% of the total variation. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale was 0.901. The Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance instrument has been successfully translated and tailored for the Indonesian population, with consideration of their cultural context. In order to provide an accurate prediction regarding the impact that this intervention would have on patients' adherence, the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale could be of assistance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eldawati Eldawati, Faridah Mohd Said, Nur Syazana Umar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Inclusion of children with autism in a mainstreamed school: a case study analysis
Inclusion of children with autism in mainstream schools is essential for fostering social integration and equitable education; however, significant challenges persist in implementation worldwide. This study investigates inclusion practices for children with autism in a mainstream school, focusing on barriers and enablers in creating an inclusive educational environment. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected from 16 participants, including one principal, eight teachers, three special educators, and four parents, selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and analysis of school policies and documents provided comprehensive insights, analysed through thematic analysis with triangulation to ensure robustness. Findings revealed critical challenges, such as limited resources, inadequate teacher preparedness, and social stigma, while highlighting effective practices like individualized education plans (IEPs), peer mentoring, and collaborative approaches to IEP development. The study underscores the importance of policy reforms, targeted teacher training, and greater community involvement to support sustainable inclusion. These findings offer actionable recommendations for improving inclusive practices and creating supportive learning environments for children with autism, advancing the broader agenda of inclusive education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Finita Glory Roy, Friggita Johnson http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving mental health, sleep, and decision-making skills through mindfulness practice
Most of the previous studies on the efficiency of mindfulness to improve mental health states, and sleep quality, have focused on clinical samples. The present study aimed to examine the impact of mindfulness intervention training on mental health (depression, anxiety), sleep quality, life satisfaction, and decision-making skills in non-clinical sample. Using a non equivalent comparison group design, 52 university students were recruited via convenience sampling technique and randomly distributed into two groups – treatment and comparison groups. The treatment group a 30-hour of mindfulness training over one month. Results showed that mindfulness training significantly reduced depressive symptoms and improved sleep quality and life satisfaction in treatment group, although changes in anxiety and decision-making skills were non-significant. These findings contribute to the mindfulness literature and emphasize the importance of mindfulness practice in enhancing mental health and well-being in non-clinical settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Moslima Akter, Lutfun Naher, Oli Ahmed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessment of depression, malnutrition and co-morbidities of geriatric individuals in rural areas of Bangladesh
In rural Bangladesh, elderly populations face distinct health challenges, with depression, malnutrition, and co-morbidities significantly impacting their well-being. This cross-sectional study evaluated 384 older adults across four divisions of Bangladesh using the geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), and Katz Index of activities of daily living (ADL). Depression was found among 62.8% of respondents. About 13.0% of participants were malnourished, and 51.8% were at risk of malnutrition. Self reported hypertension (47.1%), arthritis (46.4%), dental problems (43.5%), and insomnia (37.0%) were profound among respondents. The risk of dementia, anorexia, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension was higher among males than females. Geriatric depression was significantly higher in the elderly who were residing in a nuclear family than their counterparts (AOR = 2.114; 95% CI = 1.328-3.365). Additionally, being unemployed was identified as an independent predictor of GD (AOR = 1.992, 95% CI: 1.070 3.709, p = .030). The higher prevalence of depression and risk of malnutrition highlight the pressing requirement for well-coordinated and comprehensive healthcare strategies. The development of multifaceted approaches, incorporating mental health services, nutritional interventions, and socioeconomic support, would enhance elders' well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mst. Umme Hafsa Begum, Md. Nazrul Islam, Afsana Akter, Lima Akter, Mst. Trisha Akter, Md. Abul Hasnat, Mst. Rokshana Rabeya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Genome mining of secondary metabolites from marine Streptomyces spp. as potent therapeutics for RET-specific non small-cell lung cancer
The rearranged during transfection (RET) gene encodes a tyrosine kinase oncogene implicated in various cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Till now, multiple kinase inhibitors are commonly used to treat RET-positive NSCLC. However, these inhibitors often exhibit significant toxicity and demonstrate reduced efficacy and specificity toward RET. Recently, bioactive compounds derived from marine sources have shown promising anticancer properties. Therefore, this study aimed to identify effective bioactive compounds from marine Streptomyces species using a virtual screening approach to address these limitations. A literature search identified 20 marine Streptomyces species as potential sources of bioactive compounds. The antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell (antiSMASH) online tool were used to analyze the gene clusters of these marine Streptomyces species, revealing 7,251 metabolites. A total of 661 distinct metabolites were analyzed through a comprehensive array of virtual screening methodologies. The molecular docking and pharmacokinetic analysis resulted in the identification of four metabolites with better binding scores and pharmacological properties than pralsetinib. Collectively, we hypothesize that the identified bioactive compounds could be considered as potent leads for further analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rhydhy Rasika Gurmuras, HemaNandini Rajendran Krishnamoorthy, Ramanathan Karuppasamy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0